Heterodyne Mixing of Laser Fields for Temporal Gating of High-Order Harmonic Generation

Pfeifer, Thomas; Gallmann, L.; Abel, Mark J.; Nagel, Phillip M.; Neumark, Daniel M.; Leone, Stephen R.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.163901

Cited by 146 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Our work builds on a long history of experiments on using multiple color fields to produce high harmonics [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Early experiments confirmed that energy, momentum, and parity are preserved when high harmonics are generated in two-color fields [10].…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrahigh-Order Wave Mixing in Noncollinear High Harmonic Generation

et al. 2011

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Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=16925471&lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=16925471&lang=fr READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE.http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.023001Physical Review Letters, 106, 2, pp. 023001-1-023001-4, 2011-01-01 We show that noncollinear high harmonic generation (HHG) can be fully understood in terms of nonlinear optical wave mixing. We demonstrate this by superposing on the fundamental ! 1 field its second harmonic ! 2 of variable intensity in a noncollinear geometry. It allows us to identify, by momentum conservation, each field's contribution (n 1 ;n 2 ) to the extreme ultraviolet emission at frequency ¼ n 1 ! 1 þ n 2 ! 2 . We observe that the photon ( ) yield follows an n 2 power law on the ! 2 intensity, before saturation. It demonstrates that, although HHG is a highly nonperturbative process, a perturbation theory can still be developed around it.

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Ultrahigh-Order Wave Mixing in Noncollinear High Harmonic Generation

et al. 2011

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“…A well-known example of a heterodyne detector is the radio. Heterodyne detection is also widely used in optics, in quantum devices, in the detection of nuclear magnetic resonance, in microwave detection, in scanning tunnelling spectroscopy and even in the search for gravitational waves [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Beating beats mixing in heterodyne detection schemes

Verbiest

Rost

2015

Nat Commun

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Heterodyne detection schemes are widely used to detect and analyse high-frequency signals, which are unmeasurable with conventional techniques. It is the general conception that the heterodyne signal is generated only by mixing and that beating can be fully neglected, as it is a linear effect that, therefore, cannot produce a heterodyne signal. Deriving a general analytical theory, we show, in contrast, that both beating and mixing are crucial to explain the heterodyne signal generation. Beating even dominates the heterodyne signal, if the nonlinearity of the mixing element (mixer) is of higher order than quadratic. The specific characteristic of the mixer determines its sensitivity for beating. We confirm our results with both a full numerical simulation and an experiment using heterodyne force microscopy, which represents a model system with a highly non-quadratic mixer. As quadratic mixers are the exception, many results of previously reported heterodyne measurements may need to be reconsidered.

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“…This is much more sensitive than the signal field alone. Heterodyne techniques have been used in the field of optics and recently it was pointed out by Pfeifer et al [19] that the two-color scheme used for creating attosecond pulses is a virtue of the heterodyne method. According to the theory of harmonic heterodyne mixing, the characteristics of the signal field can be efficiently enlarged by the local oscillator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heterodyne theory has been used in various areas of science and engineering. The theory is based on superposing a weak signal pulse onto a strong coherent reference pulse [19]. The intensity of the combined field is proportional to the square of the total electric field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, enlarging the range of duration of pulses leads to a reduction of the HHG spectrum dependence on CEP. Here we propose a new method on the basis of Harworth et al's work, utilizing heterodyne theory [19] and interference in two-color fields [20] to measure multi-cycle femtosecond pulses of duration up to 12 fs with a high resolution. Heterodyne theory has been used in various areas of science and engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carrier envelope phase retrieval of a multi-cycle pulse by heterodyne mixing of a pulse containing a few cycles

Shao¹,

Zhao²,

Yao³

et al. 2013

Laser Phys.

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We present a theoretical routine for carrier envelope phase (CEP) retrieval of a multi-cycle femtosecond pulse by heterodyne mixing with a CEP-known few-cycle pulse using the time-dependent wavepacket quantum dynamics method. Our study is based on the CEP measuring technique and the dependence of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) spectra on CEP. After heterodyne mixing, half-cycle cutoffs (HCOs) in HHG spectra become distinct when the CEPs of multi-cycle and few-cycle pulses are well matched. The well-matched CEP of the heterodyne mixing field has a significant effect on the HHG spectra. Moreover, both quantum analysis and classical calculations are performed to demonstrate our theoretical results. The extension of CEP measurement from few-cycle pulses to multi-cycle pulses strengthens the controllability of laser parameters for femtosecond pulses.

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Heterodyne Mixing of Laser Fields for Temporal Gating of High-Order Harmonic Generation

Cited by 146 publications

References 17 publications

Ultrahigh-Order Wave Mixing in Noncollinear High Harmonic Generation

Ultrahigh-Order Wave Mixing in Noncollinear High Harmonic Generation

Beating beats mixing in heterodyne detection schemes

Carrier envelope phase retrieval of a multi-cycle pulse by heterodyne mixing of a pulse containing a few cycles

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