Heterogeneities of fly ash particles generated from a fluidized bed combustor of municipal solid waste incineration

Dahlan, Astryd Viandila; Kitamura, Hiroki; Tian, Yu; Sakanakura, Hirofumi; Shimaoka, Takayuki; Yamamoto, Takashi; Takahashi, Fumio

doi:10.1007/s10163-020-00973-z

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Despite the significant features of MSWI technology in terms of non-hazardousness, minimization, and resource utilization, the process still emits various pollutants [31]. The MSW with complex compositions gradually decreases in size, and eventually forms PM after fracture, pyrolysis, and oxidation in the furnace [32,33]. PM is mostly irregularly shaped aggregates, with relatively few spherical bodies, rod-like aggregates, and flocculent aggregates.…”

Section: Analysis Of Influencing Factors Of Particle Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling and Analysis for the Municipal Solid-Waste Incineration of the Grate Furnace for Particulate-Matter Generation

Tang

Xia

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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A 3D numerical model of the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) process was constructed based on a grate furnace with a daily processing capacity of 800 tons. Fluent was used for analyzing key factors affecting the concentration and diffusion level of particulate matter (PM). According to the actual MSWI plant working condition, a 3D model of the incinerator and the waste heat boiler has been constructed under benchmarks. Key factors affecting PM generation were determined by combining mechanistic knowledge and experts’ experience. They were the combustion temperature of solid phase municipal solid waste (MSW), the wall’s PM collision mode, and the second baffle length. Subsequently, the process of resolving the 3D numerical model was delineated. Then, a univariate analysis of the aforementioned 3D model was conducted for the three pivotal factors mentioned above. Conclusively, the effect of the important factors on the number of particles at the outflow of the incinerator was analyzed via orthogonal experiments to obtain the optimal combination. PM concentration initially diminished and then rose with the increased combustion temperature of the solid-phase MSW. Furthermore, a noteworthy reduction in PM concentration was observed when the second baffle length was 12.45–12.95 m. The greatest influence on the PM concentration of the outlet was posed by the wall’s PM collision mode, followed by the second baffle length. The appropriate adjustment of the combustion temperature of the solid-phase MSW, selection of wall materials, and design of the second baffle length were beneficial for diminishing PM concentration and ensuring long-term stable operation of the MSWI process. The combinative optimality of the three key factors was acquired via orthogonal experiments, which proved the subsequent optimal control of PM concentration at the outlet.

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Section: Analysis Of Influencing Factors Of Particle Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling and Analysis for the Municipal Solid-Waste Incineration of the Grate Furnace for Particulate-Matter Generation

Tang

Xia

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…MSWI fly ash comprises crystalline and non-crystalline phases. Fly ash particles are found to be heterogenous within their bulk and also at an inter-particle level [47,48]. In study conducted by Kitamura et al [49], they found that a FA particle comprises a Si-based core that is insoluble, Al/Ca/Sibased semi-soluble matrices and a KCl/NaCl-based soluble layer on the surface.…”

Section: Fly Ash Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals removal/stabilization from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: a review and recent trends

Ajorloo

Ghodrat

Scott

et al. 2022

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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Waste treatment using thermal technologies, such as incineration, leads to the production of pollutants and wastes, including fly ash (FA). Fly ash contains heavy metals (HMs) and other contaminants and can potentially pose high risks to the environment and negatively impact health and safety. Consequently, stabilizing fly ash prior to either use or landfilling is crucial. The toxicity of fly ash through heavy metal leaching can be assessed using leaching tests. The leaching rates of heavy metals primarily depend on the surrounding conditions as well as fly ash properties and metal speciation. Physical separation, leaching or extraction, thermal treatment and solidification/chemical stabilization are proposed as suitable approaches for fly ash treatment. Economic considerations, environmental concerns, energy consumption and processing times can define the efficiency and selection of the treatment approach. This review considers the latest findings and compares the advantages and shortcomings of different fly ash treatment methods with the aim of highlighting the recent advances in the field. The review concludes that the simultaneous implementation of various methods can lead to highly efficient heavy metals removal/stabilization while simultaneously taking economic and environmental considerations into account.

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“…Iron adsorbent sludge from wastewater treatment and fly ash are usually disposed of in landfills [6]. As such, the leaching of heavy metals from fly ash is possible, because some metals occur as soluble chloride or sulfate salts [7,8]. The adsorbed heavy metals can also undergo desorption [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization Forms of Cadmium and Mercury in a Potassium-Activated Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer

Prihutami,

Chaerun,

Ohya

et al. 2024

Minerals

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Previous studies of cadmium and mercury immobilization in geopolymers have produced inconsistent results due to their different pozzolans, metal concentrations, and mixing procedures. Understanding the effects of these parameters on heavy metal immobilization is key to predicting their long-term stability. In this study, cadmium and mercury were incorporated into a metakaolin-based K-activated geopolymer by three mixing procedures and concentrations of 0.02–1.00 wt.%. The samples were then immersed in water for 90 d to determine their stability. The results show that mercury is readily leached from the geopolymer, but cadmium is retained. Adding the heavy metals in salt form converts the metals into cadmium hydroxide and mercury oxide that reside at the bottom of the geopolymer. Mixing the salts with water forms soluble heavy metals prior to geopolymerization. This procedure produces more-homogeneous geopolymers. Cadmium is associated with silicate and aluminate, giving a better stability, whereas mercury forms mercury oxide. Different cadmium and mercury concentrations do not change the metal speciation as mercury is affected by relativistic contribution.

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Heterogeneities of fly ash particles generated from a fluidized bed combustor of municipal solid waste incineration

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling and Analysis for the Municipal Solid-Waste Incineration of the Grate Furnace for Particulate-Matter Generation

Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling and Analysis for the Municipal Solid-Waste Incineration of the Grate Furnace for Particulate-Matter Generation

Heavy metals removal/stabilization from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: a review and recent trends

Immobilization Forms of Cadmium and Mercury in a Potassium-Activated Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer

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