Heterogeneity in Formation of Lignin. VII. An Autoradiographic Study on the Formation of Guaiacyl and Syringyl Lignin in Poplar

Terashima, Noritsugu; Fukushima, Kazuhiko; And, Satoshi Tsuchiya; Takabe, Keiji

doi:10.1080/02773818608085241

Cited by 90 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Our measurement within the S2 and cell corner regions are in good agreement with general lignification concepts (e.g. Fergus and Goring, 1970 a, b;Musha and Goring, 1975;Terashima et al, 1986Terashima et al, a, b, 1993Donaldson, 2001;Donaldson et al, 2001;Koch and Kleist, 2001;Takabe, 2002). The spectra taken in middle lamella regions ( Fig.…”

Section: Uv Microspectrophotometrysupporting

confidence: 88%

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Microscopic Studies on Modified Wall Structure and Lignin Topochemistry in Xylem Fibres of Poplar After Wounding

Frankenstein¹,

Schmitt²

2006

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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Information about fine structure following wounding in differentiating xylem tissue is still scarce. This study provides information on cell wall modifications with special emphasis on lignin distribution in xylem fibres of poplar differentiating at the time of wounding. Samples were collected from wounded Populus spp. trees after response periods of up to twenty-three months and processed for microscopic analyses. General studies on the wall structure of wound-adjacent xylem fibres were carried out with light and transmission electron microscopy, whereas lignin distribution patterns of these cells were examined by UV-microspectrophotometry.Xylem fibres close to the wound and within a transition zone between differentiated xylem laid down prior to and tissue laid down after wounding developed a distinctively thicker secondary wall than normal fibres. These modified walls also showed a slightly higher lignin content, than normal and a heterogeneous lignin distribution in the middle lamella and the secondary wall.Wounding in poplar induces a modified wall structure and lignin topochemistry in xylem fibres differentiating at the time of wounding. It is assumed that this wound response is part of the compartmentalization process and therefore contributes to an increased resistance.

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Section: Uv Microspectrophotometrysupporting

confidence: 88%

“…However, a higher relative abundance of guaiacyl lignin moieties in hardwood middle lamellae has been frequently was regularly described (e.g. Fergus and Goring, 1970 b;Musha and Goring, 1975;Terashima, 1986Terashima, a, b, 1993.…”

Section: Uv Microspectrophotometrymentioning

confidence: 98%

Microscopic Studies on Modified Wall Structure and Lignin Topochemistry in Xylem Fibres of Poplar After Wounding

Frankenstein¹,

Schmitt²

2006

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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“…This model is supported by data indicating that A. thaliana 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) preferentially hydroxylates shikimate and quinate esters of coumarate, and that aspen caffeate O-methyltransferase (COMT) and A. thaliana ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) act on aldehydes and alcohols rather than on free acids (42)(43)(44). These observations would imply that 4CL in A. thaliana is not involved in ferulate, 5-hydroxyferulate, and sinapate activation en route to monolignol precursors, although radiolabeling studies indicated that ferulate and sinapate are incorporated into lignin in poplar (45). Thus, either alternatively or in addition, At4CL4 may well have its major role elsewhere in phenylpropanoid metabolism, e.g., in the biosynthesis of soluble sinapate-containing phenolics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 4-coumarate:CoA ligase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana comprises one rare, sinapate-activating and three commonly occurring isoenzymes

Hamberger

Hahlbrock

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

227

208

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.12) has a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of plant secondary compounds at the divergence point from general phenylpropanoid metabolism to several major branch pathways. In Arabidopsis thaliana, we have identified a previously undetected, fourth and final member of the At4CL gene family. The encoded enzyme, At4CL4, exhibits the rare property of efficiently activating sinapate, besides the usual 4CL substrates (4-coumarate, caffeate, and ferulate), indicating a distinct metabolic function. Phylogenetic analysis suggests an early evolutionary and functional divergence of three of the four gene family members, At4CL2-4, whereas At4CL1 appears to have originated much later by duplication of its structurally and functionally closest relative, At4CL2. Various characteristics shared by all known plant 4CL genes, as well as by the encoded proteins, define and delimit the At4CL gene family and distinguish it from the closely related family of ''At4CL-like'' genes.

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“…It has been shown by microautoradiography that p-hydroxyphenyl-, guaiacyl-, and syringylpropane units are incorporated into different morphological regions in different lignification stages of various plant xylem (Terashima et al 1986(Terashima et al , 1993Terashima 1990, 1991a,b) and by microscopic spectrophotometry of Japanese oak ( Yoshinaga et al 1997). This programmed monolignol delivery is reasonably understood by programmed supply of MLGs (Terashima et al 1993(Terashima et al , 1998 combined with localization of specific β-D-glucosidase for specific MLGs in the differentiating xylem.…”

Section: Role Of Mlgs In Lignification Of Cell Wallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monolignol glucosides as intermediate compounds in lignin biosynthesis. Revisiting the cell wall lignification and new ¹³C-tracer experiments with Ginkgo biloba and Magnolia liliiflora

Terashima¹,

Matsushita

et al. 2016

Holzforschung

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Monolignol glucosides as intermediate compounds in lignin biosynthesis. Revisiting the cell wall lignification and new 13C-tracer experiments with Ginkgo biloba and Magnolia liliiflora DOI 10.1515/hf-2015-0224 Received October 17, 2015 accepted February 9, 2016; previously published online March 14, 2016 Abstract: A large amount of monolignol glucosides (MLGs: p-glucocoumaryl alcohol, coniferin, syringin) are found in lignifying soft xylem near cambium and they disappear with the progress of lignification. Recently, it became a matter of debate whether those MLGs are real intermediates in lignin biosynthesis or only a storage form of monolignols outside of the main biosynthetic pathway. The latter is partly based on a misinterpretation of 14 C-tracer experiments and partly on the simple generalization of the results of gene manipulation experiments concerning the flexible and complex lignification. In the present paper, it could be confirmed by the most reliable 13 C-tracer method that MLGs are real intermediates in the pathway from l-phenylalanine to macromolecular ligninpolysaccharides complexes in the cell walls. This pathway via MLGs is essential for transport and programmed delivery of specific monolignols in a stable form from intracellular space to specific lignifying sites within the cell wall. The pool size of MLGs is large in most gymnosperm trees and some angiosperm species that emerged in an early stage of phylogeny, while the pool size is small in most angiosperms. This difference in pool size is reasonably understandable from the viewpoint of plant evolution, in the course of which the role of MLGs changed to meet variation in type of major cells, reaction wood formation, and postmortem lignification.

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Heterogeneity in Formation of Lignin. VII. An Autoradiographic Study on the Formation of Guaiacyl and Syringyl Lignin in Poplar

Cited by 90 publications

References 4 publications

Microscopic Studies on Modified Wall Structure and Lignin Topochemistry in Xylem Fibres of Poplar After Wounding

Microscopic Studies on Modified Wall Structure and Lignin Topochemistry in Xylem Fibres of Poplar After Wounding

The 4-coumarate:CoA ligase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana comprises one rare, sinapate-activating and three commonly occurring isoenzymes

Monolignol glucosides as intermediate compounds in lignin biosynthesis. Revisiting the cell wall lignification and new ¹³C-tracer experiments with Ginkgo biloba and Magnolia liliiflora

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