Heterogeneity in global vegetation and terrestrial climate change during the late Eocene to early Oligocene transition

Pound, Matthew J.; Salzmann, Ulrich

doi:10.1038/srep43386

Cited by 131 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(166 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

132

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A likely driver of the association between cold and diversification is the availability of new niches as the temperate climates greatly expanded across the Holarctic during the mid‐ to late Cenozoic (Eldrett et al, ; Liu et al, ; Potts & Behrensmeyer, ; Pound & Salzmann, ; Zachos et al, ). In addition, frost might have eliminated most of the boreotropical woody elements, thus creating habitats for frost‐hardy grasses and reducing competition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The grass subfamily Pooideae: Cretaceous–Palaeocene origin and climate‐driven Cenozoic diversification

Schubert

Marcussen

Meseguer

et al. 2019

Global Ecol Biogeogr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim Frost is among the most dramatic stresses a plant can experience, and complex physiological adaptations are needed to endure long periods of sub‐zero temperatures. Owing to the need to evolve these complex adaptations, transitioning from tropical to temperate climates is regarded as difficult. Here, we study the transition from tropical to temperate climates in the grass subfamily Pooideae, which dominates cool temperate, continental and Arctic regions. We produce a dated phylogeny and investigate the role of climate cooling in diversification. Location Global, temperate regions. Time period Cretaceous–Cenozoic. Major taxa Pooideae. Methods Using newly available fossils and methods, we dated a comprehensive Pooideae phylogeny and tested for the impact of palaeoclimates on diversification rates. Using ancestral state reconstruction, we investigated whether Pooideae ancestors experienced frost and winter. To locate the ancestral distribution area of Pooideae, we performed biogeographical analyses. Results We estimated a Late Cretaceous/early Palaeocene origin of the Pooideae (61–77 Ma), with all major clades already having diversified at the Eocene–Oligocene climate cooling (34 Ma). Climate cooling was a probable driving force of Pooideae diversification. Pooideae probably evolved in a temperate niche experiencing frost, but not long winters. Main conclusion Pooideae probably originated in a temperate niche and experienced cold temperatures and frost long before expansion of temperate biomes after the Eocene–Oligocene transition. This suggests that the Pooideae ancestor had adaptations to temperate climate and that certain responses to low‐temperature stress are shared in extant Pooideae grasses. Throughout the Cenozoic, falling temperatures and expansion of temperate biomes were associated with an increase in diversification. However, complex mechanisms for enduring strongly seasonal climate with long, cold winters most probably evolved independently in daughter lineages. Our findings provide insight into how adaptations to historical changes in chill and frost exposure influence the distribution of plant diversity today.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The grass subfamily Pooideae: Cretaceous–Palaeocene origin and climate‐driven Cenozoic diversification

Schubert

Marcussen

Meseguer

et al. 2019

Global Ecol Biogeogr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We compared gradients of temperature with those of genus richness. The mean annual surface temperature along the latitude (Figure a) was compiled based on studies of the current (Fick & Hijmans, ), Middle Pliocene (Salzmann, Haywood, Lunt, Valdes, & Hill, ), Middle Miocene (Goldner, Herold, & Huber, ), Early Oligocene (Pound & Salzmann, ) and Early Eocene (Huber & Caballero, ) epochs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of climate niche conservatism and range dynamics in woody plant diversity patterns through the Cenozoic

Shiono

Kusumoto

Yasuhara

et al. 2018

Global Ecol Biogeogr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim Large‐scale biodiversity patterns are often discussed in the context of ‘out of the tropics’ (OTT) dynamics and/or tropical niche conservatism (TNC), but empirical evidence of these processes remains very limited. The aim of this study was to infer diversification processes and mechanisms of Cenozoic diversity dynamics using woody angiosperms. Location East Asian continental islands and global. Time period Cenozoic. Major taxa studied Woody plants. Methods We compiled Cenozoic fossil and modern records for woody angiosperm genera to reconstruct biodiversity patterns. To evaluate the relative importance of TNC and OTT, we investigated extinction/survival patterns and latitudinal range dynamics for each genus, in combination with their clade age (mean family age), cold tolerance and per‐genus species richness. Results We found diversity decreasing with latitude in modern‐day flora, but not in the warmer periods of the Neogene and Palaeogene. The percentage of genera surviving decreased with latitude through the Cenozoic. Older genera with less cold tolerance and/or species‐poor genera went extinct locally at high latitudes in response to post‐Pliocene global cooling. Evolutionarily younger temperate genera dispersed from the extratropics to lower latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere after the Neogene. Main conclusions The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) has rapidly steepened post‐Pliocene through: (a) selective extinction in higher latitudes of old, less‐diversified tropical genera with low freezing tolerance, and (b) equatorward distributional shift of temperate genera. Both these processes were driven by the high‐latitude cooling. Such major roles of TNC and OTT, wherein temperate genera in the Northern Hemisphere expanded through the tropics into higher latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere across climatic boundaries without losing their temperate presence, are in contrast to OTT processes in marine systems. Cenozoic patterns of terrestrial woody angiosperm biodiversity indicate the importance of TNC and high‐latitude processes, including the extinction of tropical genera and range contraction or shift of temperate genera.

show abstract

“…Paleobotanical data from latest Eocene‐Oligocene terrestrial clastic rocks of the Amphitheatre Formation (Ridgway & Sweet, ) combined with contemporaneous T ss records place limits on paleoelevation at the beginning of Phase III cooling. Mean annual T a for the late Eocene lower Amphitheatre Formation is 16.7 ± 0.4 °C and is constrained by the coexistence approach, which utilizes comparisons between paleoflora and modern relatives climactic tolerances to define a zone of maximum overlap (Pound & Salzmann, ). Contemporaneous T ss at paleolatitudes similar to our study area are assumed to be 20 ± 3 °C based on available organic biomarker (19 ± 3 °C), Ca/Mg thermometry (21.5 ± 3.5 °C), and paleobotanical data sets (20 ± 1 °C) (Evans et al, ; Liu et al, ; Wolfe, ).…”

Section: Oligocene To Present Patterns Of Kluane Ranges Exhumation Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermotectonic History of the Kluane Ranges and Evolution of the Eastern Denali Fault Zone in Southwestern Yukon, Canada

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exhumation and landscape evolution along strike‐slip fault systems reflect tectonic processes that accommodate and partition deformation in orogenic settings. We present 17 new apatite (U‐Th)/He (He), zircon He, apatite fission‐track (FT), and zircon FT dates from the eastern Denali fault zone (EDFZ) that bounds the Kluane Ranges in Yukon, Canada. The dates elucidate patterns of deformation along the EDFZ. Mean apatite He, apatite FT, zircon He, and zircon FT sample dates range within ~26–4, ~110–12, ~94–28, and ~137–83 Ma, respectively. A new zircon U‐Pb date of 113.9 ± 1.7 Ma (2σ) complements existing geochronology and aids in interpretation of low‐temperature thermochronometry data patterns. Samples ≤2 km southwest of the EDFZ trace yield the youngest thermochronometry dates. Multimethod thermochronometry, zircon He date‐effective U patterns, and thermal history modeling reveal rapid cooling ~95–75 Ma, slow cooling ~75–30 Ma, and renewed rapid cooling ~30 Ma to present. The magnitude of net surface uplift constrained by published paleobotanical data, exhumation, and total surface uplift from ~30 Ma to present are ~1, ~2–6, and ~1–7 km, respectively. Exhumation is highest closest to the EDFZ trace but substantially lower than reported for the central Denali fault zone. We infer exhumation and elevation changes associated with ~95–75 Ma terrane accretion and EDFZ activity, relief degradation from ~75–30 Ma, and ~30 Ma to present exhumation and surface uplift as a response to flat‐slab subduction and transpressional deformation. Integrated results reveal new constraints on landscape evolution within the Kluane Ranges directly tied to the EDFZ during the last ~100 Myr.

show abstract

Heterogeneity in global vegetation and terrestrial climate change during the late Eocene to early Oligocene transition

Cited by 131 publications

References 91 publications

The grass subfamily Pooideae: Cretaceous–Palaeocene origin and climate‐driven Cenozoic diversification

The grass subfamily Pooideae: Cretaceous–Palaeocene origin and climate‐driven Cenozoic diversification

Roles of climate niche conservatism and range dynamics in woody plant diversity patterns through the Cenozoic

Thermotectonic History of the Kluane Ranges and Evolution of the Eastern Denali Fault Zone in Southwestern Yukon, Canada

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About