“…Orthogonal design is considered to be efficient only in cases when the prior parameters are unknown, as discussed by Bliemer et al (2009) . Previous studies also used this method to design the experiments ( Han and Timmermans, 2022 ; Irawan et al, 2020b ; Qin et al, 2017 ). However, two generated scenarios from orthogonal design are improper for the field condition: the availability of separated bicycle lanes exists in uncongested traffic.…”