Heterogeneity in vascular smooth muscle cell embryonic origin in relation to adult structure, physiology, and disease

Pfaltzgraff, Elise R.; Bader, David M.

doi:10.1002/dvdy.24247

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Somewhat surprisingly, two previously demonstrated stimulators of elastin production by aortic VSMCs, dexamethasone and diazoxide [32,34,36] appeared less active in stimulating elastin biosynthesis in the ascending aortic VSMCs used in the present experiments, compared to that shown previously in cultured VSMCs from the entire aorta [32,34,36]. Here, the relative lack of VSMC responsiveness to these two molecules might be due to the differences in the developmental origin of the ascending aorta, used in the present experiments, and the aortic arch, in which the VSMCs arise from the neural crest, and the remainder of the aorta whose VSMCs arise from the mesoderm [56][57][58][59]. Supporting this hypothesis, aorta from these two different developmental origins have been shown to differentially respond to a variety of other activators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Dill Extract Induces Elastic Fiber Neosynthesis and Functional Improvement in the Ascending Aorta of Aged Mice with Reversal of Age-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy and Involvement of Lysyl Oxidase-Like-1

et al. 2020

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Elastic fibers (90% elastin, 10% fibrillin-rich microfibrils) are synthesized only in early life and adolescence mainly by the vascular smooth muscle cells through the cross-linking of its soluble precursor, tropoelastin. Elastic fibers endow the large elastic arteries with resilience and elasticity. Normal vascular aging is associated with arterial remodeling and stiffening, especially due to the end of production and degradation of elastic fibers, leading to altered cardiovascular function. Several pharmacological treatments stimulate the production of elastin and elastic fibers. In particular, dill extract (DE) has been demonstrated to stimulate elastin production in vitro in dermal equivalent models and in skin fibroblasts to increase lysyl oxidase–like-1 (LOXL-1) gene expression, an enzyme contributing to tropoelastin crosslinking and elastin formation. Here, we have investigated the effects of a chronic treatment (three months) of aged male mice with DE (5% or 10% v/v, in drinking water) on the structure and function of the ascending aorta. DE treatment, especially at 10%, of aged mice protected pre-existing elastic lamellae, reactivated tropoelastin and LOXL-1 expressions, induced elastic fiber neo-synthesis, and decreased the stiffness of the aging aortic wall, probably explaining the reversal of the age-related cardiac hypertrophy also observed following the treatment. DE could thus be considered as an anti-aging product for the cardiovascular system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Dill Extract Induces Elastic Fiber Neosynthesis and Functional Improvement in the Ascending Aorta of Aged Mice with Reversal of Age-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy and Involvement of Lysyl Oxidase-Like-1

et al. 2020

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“…When a vessel is damaged, a piece of machinery for repair is triggered, and the migration mechanism and proliferation of VSMCs are critical. Accordingly, this entails an increase in the abundance of growth factors (PDGF, TGF, and VEGF) and the volume of the ECM, with the ultimate purpose of reconstructing the vasculature following injury [120,[141][142][143].…”

Section: Hif and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α: The Master Regulator of Endothelial Cell Senescence in Vascular Aging

Alique

Sánchez-López

Bodega

et al. 2020

Cells

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Aging is one of the hottest topics in biomedical research. Advances in research and medicine have helped to preserve human health, leading to an extension of life expectancy. However, the extension of life is an irreversible process that is accompanied by the development of aging-related conditions such as weakness, slower metabolism, and stiffness of vessels. It also debated that aging can be considered an actual disease with aging-derived comorbidities, including cancer or cardiovascular disease. Currently, cardiovascular disorders, including atherosclerosis, are considered as premature aging and represent the first causes of death in developed countries, accounting for 31% of annual deaths globally. Emerging evidence has identified hypoxia-inducible factor-1α as a critical transcription factor with an essential role in aging-related pathology, in particular, regulating cellular senescence associated with cardiovascular aging. In this review, we will focus on the regulation of senescence mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in age-related pathologies, with particular emphasis on the crosstalk between endothelial and vascular cells in age-associated atherosclerotic lesions. More specifically, we will focus on the characteristics and mechanisms by which cells within the vascular wall, including endothelial and vascular cells, achieve a senescent phenotype.

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“…SMC are found in medium, large blood vessels, and arterioles have contractility functions, regulating vascular resistance in the circulatory system, and present elongated, spindle-shaped cells with high concentration of contractile filaments. Besides, they have the ability to modulate their phenotype depending on microenvironment clues, assuming either a differentiated contractile or a synthetic proliferative phenotype [ 264 ]. Surface markers are specific for different SMC; alpha-smooth muscle actin ( α -SMA), for example, is early expressed, while SM22 is higher expressed in differentiated SMC.…”

Section: Cellular Heterogeneity and Blood-organ Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and Molecular Heterogeneity Associated with Vessel Formation Processes

Castro

Barbosa

Pereira

et al. 2018

BioMed Research International

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The microvasculature heterogeneity is a complex subject in vascular biology. The difficulty of building a dynamic and interactive view among the microenvironments, the cellular and molecular heterogeneities, and the basic aspects of the vessel formation processes make the available knowledge largely fragmented. The neovascularisation processes, termed vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis, are important to the formation and proper functioning of organs and tissues both in the embryo and the postnatal period. These processes are intrinsically related to microvascular cells, such as endothelial and mural cells. These cells are able to adjust their activities in response to the metabolic and physiological requirements of the tissues, by displaying a broad plasticity that results in a significant cellular and molecular heterogeneity. In this review, we intend to approach the microvasculature heterogeneity in an integrated view considering the diversity of neovascularisation processes and the cellular and molecular heterogeneity that contribute to microcirculatory homeostasis. For that, we will cover their interactions in the different blood-organ barriers and discuss how they cooperate in an integrated regulatory network that is controlled by specific molecular signatures.

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Heterogeneity in vascular smooth muscle cell embryonic origin in relation to adult structure, physiology, and disease

Cited by 44 publications

References 85 publications

Dill Extract Induces Elastic Fiber Neosynthesis and Functional Improvement in the Ascending Aorta of Aged Mice with Reversal of Age-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy and Involvement of Lysyl Oxidase-Like-1

Dill Extract Induces Elastic Fiber Neosynthesis and Functional Improvement in the Ascending Aorta of Aged Mice with Reversal of Age-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy and Involvement of Lysyl Oxidase-Like-1

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α: The Master Regulator of Endothelial Cell Senescence in Vascular Aging

Cellular and Molecular Heterogeneity Associated with Vessel Formation Processes

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