Heterogeneity of intratumour proliferative activity in primary breast cancer: Biological and clinical aspects

Clinical implication of altered expression of Mad1 protein in human breast carcinoma

“…Another possible explanation is the heterogeneity of intratumor proliferative activity. 27 It seems likely that the biologic behavior of cancer cells in vivo is quite complex compared with the behavior of cultured cells in an isolated environment.…”

Molecular Pathology Assays for Breast Cancer

“…270 There is marked heterogeneity of proliferative activity if multiple samples are studied by any of the assays for proliferative activity. 267,271,272 In one study of 101 patients followed for 5 years, only the means of the proliferation indices (three to eight samples measured) were of prognostic significance, whereas the highest values and the degrees of heterogeneity (coefficients of variance) were not significant. 271 Little is known about heterogeneity of HER-2/neu or p53 expression.…”

Fractal Quantification of the Microvasculature Heterogeneity in Cutaneous Melanoma

“…Repartition of estrogenic receptors, ploidy or cellular proliferation is known to be inhomogeneous [4][5][6], and the heterogeneity of these variables has been deduced from multiple measures sampled in different sites of the tumour. Although such evaluation does not constitute a quantitative approach, it evokes the heterogeneity of the phenomenon.…”

“…D 2 , is the correlation dimension that gives the probability that two points are separated by a distance smaller than δ. D 3 , D 4 … are a set of generalized dimensions associated with correlations between sets of two, three or more points on each box. From eq.…”