Heterogeneity of mast cells and expression of Annexin A1 protein in a second degree burn model with silver sulfadiazine treatment

Abstract

Mast cells (MCs) participate in all stages of skin healing and one of their mediators is the Annexin A1 protein (AnxA1), linked to inflammation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis processes, but not studied in thermal burns yet. Therefore, our objectives were to evaluate the behavior of MCs and AnxA1 in a second degree burn model, treated or not with silver sulfadiazine 1% (SDP 1%) and associated to macrophages quantification and cytokines dosages. MCs counts showed few cells in the early stages of repair but increased MCs in the final phases in the untreated group. The normal skin presented numerous tryptase-positive MCs that were reduced after burning in all analyzed periods. Differently, few chymase-positive MCs were observed in the early stages of healing, however, increased chymase-positive MCs were found at the final phase in the untreated group. MCs also showed high immunoreactivity for AnxA1 on day 3 in both groups. In the tissue there was a strong protein expression in the early stages of healing, but in the final phases only in the SDP treated animals. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and MCP-1 levels and macrophages quantification were increased in inflammation and reepithelialization phases. Reduced IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 levels and numerous macrophages occurred in the treated animals during tissue repair. Our results indicate modulation in the profile of MCs and AnxA1expression during healing by the treatment with SDP 1%, pointing them as targets for therapeutic interventions on skin burns.

One-hit wonder: Late after burn injury, granulocytes can clear one bacterial infection but cannot control a subsequent infection

“…Additional studies indicate that SIRS and CARS among burn patients leads to release of immune cytokines and alterations in the immune profile, and that poor outcomes following infection within patient populations can be predicted by production of the cytokines interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukins 12 (IL-12) and 4 (IL-4) [23,[26][27][28][29]. Additionally, murine studies have indicated that these cytokines play an important role in burn-associated responses to bacterial infection [14,27,30,31]. Researchers have demonstrated that treatments resulting in decreased IL-10 production after burn injury lead to increased bacterial clearance and improved outcome [14,32,33] and that current therapeutic targets exist capable of altering cytokine production after burn injury [29].…”

Mast cell heterogeneity and anti-inflammatory annexin A1 expression in leprosy skin lesions

“…Despite the knowledge of mast cells as a potential "amplifiers" of chronic inflammation [57,58], inhibition of mast cell activation including the release of mediators represents a novel strategy to modulate chronic granulomatous inflammatory reactions [27,59]. Mast cells (MCs) participate in all stages of skin healing and one of their mediators is the Annexin A1 protein (AnxA1), in addition to proteases, the ANXA1 is an important mediator of mast cells [38,39,[60][61][62]. ANXA1 is a protein linked to inflammation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis processes, which is still poorly explored in leprosy.…”

Topical treatment with a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonist reduced nociception and inflammation in a thermal lesion model in rats

“…The treatments (HC-030031 or silver sulfadiazine) were incorporated into Lanette cream (Lanette® wax 12.0 g; solid vaseline 11.0 mL, propyleneglycol 7.0 mL; parabens solution preservative 3.3 g; imidazolidinyl urea preservative solution 50%; distilled water for 100 g) (Silva et al, 2013). Lanette cream (base cream) without HC-030031 was used as vehicle and silver sulfadiazine in the 1% concentration was used as a positive control (Silva et al, 2013;Souza et al, 2017). The HC-030031 was tested at three different concentrations (0.005, 0.05, and 0.5%) based on concentrations that we have previously subcutaneously injected in the hind paw (Trevisan et al, 2013).…”