Heterogeneity of neocortical cerebral blood flow deficits in dementia of the Alzheimer type: a [99mTc]-d,l-HMPAO SPECT study.

Waldemar, Gunhild; Bruhn, Peter; Kristensen, Michael; Johnsen, Anna Thit; Paulson, Olaf B.; Lassen, Niels A.

doi:10.1136/jnnp.57.3.285

Cited by 95 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…In addition, concerning the absence of correlation with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a possible interpretation might be that AD patients focus mainly on the storage of information to the detriment of processing function. This predominance of storage function could be a consequence of the reduction of working-memory resources (Baddeley, 1986), or of the presence of a disconnection between anterior and posterior parietal areas (Morris, 1994a(Morris, , 1994b, or even of a focal prefrontal dysfunction (Waldemar et al, 1994). Further studies will be necessary to investigate more precisely these interpretations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first one refers to a frontal lobe pathology. Indeed, some studies have shown that frontal lobe degeneration is relatively often associated with AD (Waldemar et al, 1994). However, some authors (D'Esposito & Grossman, 1996;Fuster, 1993 ;Weinberger, 1993) have proposed that executive control would require the integration of information coming from different cerebral areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Executive Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease

Collette

Linden

Salmon

1999

Cortex

167

101

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Executive functioning was examined in 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 20 normal elderly subjects. The results showed that AD patients present lower performance compared to control subjects in all executive tasks, confirming that some executive deficits may be present in the first stages of the disease. A factorial analysis suggested that these deficits can be related to two domains of the executive functions: the inhibition abilities and the capacity to co-ordinate simultaneously storage and processing of information. Moreover, the performance on these factors is correlated to different anterior and posterior cortical areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease

Collette

Linden

Salmon

1999

Cortex

167

101

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“…Verbal function. This included two tests, which may also be considered as tests of semantic memory: Familiar Faces [Waldemar et al 1994] with naming of 28 generally wellknown faces; and Boston Naming Test with 60 objects in line drawings.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized trial of the effect of escitalopram versus placebo on cognitive function in healthy first-degree relatives of patients with depression

Knorr

Vinberg

Gade

et al. 2011

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology

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The effect of selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs) on healthy individuals remains unclear. The aim of the trial was to evaluate the effect of the SSRI escitalopram on cognitive function in healthy first-degree relatives of patients with major depressive disorder (FDRs). A total of 80 FDRs were randomized to escitalopram (10 mg/day) (n ¼ 41) versus placebo (n ¼ 39) for 4 weeks. Neuropsychological tests and ratings of mood were applied at entry (T0) and at 4 weeks (T4). The main outcome measure was calculated as the change (T4T0) in a general cognition score, which was the standardized mean of 13 test measures. Mean change in the general cognition score was not significantly increased with escitalopram compared with placebo (p ¼ 0.37) or for any of the specific tests. In univariate analyses no statistically significant correlations were found between change in the general cognitive score and the variables age, sex, Hamilton depression score 17 items, Danish Adult Reading Test-45, and plasma escitalopram levels, respectively. These results suggest that treatment with escitalopram does not improve or impair cognitive function in FDRs. Improvement in cognitive function following treatment of depressed patients with SSRIs seems to be related to the effects on depressive symptoms rather than to a direct effect of the SSRI.

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“…Reduced cerebral perfusion and decreased metabolism in white matter and cerebral cortex were reported to occur predominantly in the temporal, parietal, and frontal areas. [3][4][5] Recent observations showed that reduced cerebral blood flow is rather global in AD, without significant variation between different brain regions. 5 Reduction in metabolic activity was also observed in several other cortical areas, such as the posterior cingulate gyrus and occipital cortex.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5] Recent observations showed that reduced cerebral blood flow is rather global in AD, without significant variation between different brain regions. 5 Reduction in metabolic activity was also observed in several other cortical areas, such as the posterior cingulate gyrus and occipital cortex. 6,7 Cerebral hypoperfusion, progressive and diffuse cortical atrophy, and leukoaraiosis were all correlated with cognitive decline.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Hypoperfusion Generates Cortical Watershed Microinfarcts in Alzheimer Disease

Suter

Sunthorn²,

Kraftsik³

et al. 2002

Stroke

204

175

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Background and Purpose-The watershed cortical areas are the first to be deprived of sufficient blood flow in the event of cerebral hypoperfusion and will be the sites of watershed microinfarcts. Cerebral hypoperfusion is associated with Alzheimer disease (AD), but information regarding the occurrence of watershed cortical infarcts in AD is lacking. Methods-Brains of 184 autopsy cases (105 definite AD cases and 79 age-matched controls) were selected and analyzed by histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. The 3-dimensional reconstruction of the whole cerebrum, with 3-mm spaced serial sections, was performed in 6 AD cases to study the intrahemispheric and interhemispheric distribution of the cortical microinfarcts. Results-A significant association (Pϭ0.001) was found between the occurrence of watershed cortical infarcts and AD (32.4% versus 2.5% in controls). The microinfarcts were restricted to the watershed cortical zones. Congophilic angiopathy was revealed to be an important risk factor. Perturbed hemodynamic factors (eg, decreased blood pressure) may play a role in the genesis of cortical watershed microinfarcts. Conclusions-In

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Heterogeneity of neocortical cerebral blood flow deficits in dementia of the Alzheimer type: a [99mTc]-d,l-HMPAO SPECT study.

Abstract: Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with high resolution brain dedicated single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) and [SS-Tc]-d,lI-hexamethyl-propylene-

Cited by 95 publications

References 41 publications

Executive Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease

Executive Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease

A randomized trial of the effect of escitalopram versus placebo on cognitive function in healthy first-degree relatives of patients with depression

Cerebral Hypoperfusion Generates Cortical Watershed Microinfarcts in Alzheimer Disease

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