Heterogeneous activity of pulmonary vagal receptors during high-frequency oscillation ventilation

Kohl, J.; Koller, E. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00176891

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The rabbit is a species in which pulmonary afferents are well characterized (1,8,10,13,14). Afferent properties of SARs and RARs in the rabbit are essentially the same as those found in the cat (21,22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectrum of myelinated pulmonary afferents

2000

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Myelinated pulmonary afferents are classified as rapidly adapting receptors (RARs) or slowly adapting receptors (SARs) by their adaptation rate. Behavior of SARs varies greatly, and therefore the present study tries to further categorize SARs according to their mechanical properties. Single-fiber activity of 104 SARs was examined in anesthetized, open-chest, artificially ventilated rabbits. According to the increase or decrease in activity during removal of positive-end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), SARs were divided into two groups. In one group mean activity increased from 31 +/- 6 to 46 +/- 7 impulses per second (imp/s; n = 11); in another group mean activity decreased from 44 +/- 2 to 25 +/- 1 imp/s (n = 93). The first group of SARs has high adaptation indexes (RAR-like), which increased with inflation pressure (36 +/- 3, 44 +/- 3, and 47 +/- 3% for 10, 15, and 20 cmH(2)O, respectively; P < 0.005). Their peak activity shifted from inflation phase to deflation phase during PEEP removal. The second group of SARs has low-adaptation indexes (typical SARs), which were not affected by inflation pressure (19 +/- 1, 18 +/- 1, and 17 +/- 1% for 10, 15, and 20 cmH(2)O; P = 0. 516). Their peak activity did not shift during PEEP removal. Because there are overlaps in other characteristics, it is proposed that myelinated vagal afferents are viewed as a heterogeneous group; their behaviors are like a spectrum, where typical RARs and SARs represent two extremes of the spectrum. The receptor behavior might be determined by anatomic location and its environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Typically, SAR activity decreases as transpulmonary pressure decreases (8), such as during PEEP removal (22). In contrast, RARlike SARs are stimulated by PEEP removal, which is characteristic of RARs (17,21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of myelinated pulmonary afferents

2000

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Studies have demonstrated that P-and Ib cells display a phasic firing pattern that mimics SAR activity and tracks pulmonary oscillations [52,53]. This suggests that these neuronal populations act in some capacity to relay patterns of respiration from SARs in the lung to regions of the central nervous system (CNS) in which third order SAR neurons reside.…”

Section: Influence Of Respiratory Rhythm On Olfactory Neuronal Firingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread depolarization during expiration: A source of respiratory drive?

Jerath¹,

Crawford²,

Barnes

et al. 2015

Medical Hypotheses

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a b s t r a c tRespiration influences various pacemakers and rhythms of the body during inspiration and expiration but the underlying mechanisms are relatively unknown. Understanding this phenomenon is important, as breathing disorders, breath holding, and hyperventilation can lead to significant medical conditions. We discuss the physiological modulation of heart rhythm, blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity, EEG, and other changes observed during inspiration and expiration. We also correlate the intracellular mitochondrial respiratory metabolic processes with real-time breathing and correlate membrane potential changes with inspiration and expiration. We propose that widespread minor hyperpolarization occurs during inspiration and widespread minor depolarization occurs during expiration. This depolarization is likely a source of respiratory drive. Further knowledge of intracellular and extracellular ionic changes associated with respiration will enhance our understanding of respiration and its role as a modulator of cellular membrane potential. This could expand treatment options for a wide range of health conditions, such as breathing disorders, stress-related disorders, and further our understanding of the Hering-Breuer reflex and respiratory sinus arrhythmia.Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. IntroductionIn addition to gas exchange and oxygenation of the blood, respiration in the lungs can regulate multiple physiological processes throughout the body. Studies of the cardiovascular system, the peripheral nervous system, and the central nervous system provide evidence that respiratory patterns can exert a significant and immediate influence on a wide range of bodily functions, including changes in blood pressure and sympathovagal balance. Patterned respiration can regulate blood pressure and heart rate [1], as well as regulate rhythmic centers of the brain that control cardiovascular output [2,3]. While the majority of these findings have demonstrated the impact of respiration on cardiac output and other processes in isolated preparations, little work has focused on respiration's direct influence on membrane potential.This article reviews the current understanding of respiration as a regulator of cardiovascular physiology and nervous system function. More specifically, we discuss the role of respiratory rhythm and rate on both systemic and local control of these systems. We describe the role of pulmonary stretch receptors (with a focus on slowly adapting receptors) in converting breathing patterns into a functional, multi-faceted, mechanism that allows respiration to communicate with, and direct various aspects of cardiovascular and nervous system physiology. We propose a hypothesis in which inspiration and expiration are associated with transient increases and decreases in membrane potential that may underlie these widespread changes and how these membrane potential changes may underlie the chaotic dynamics of rhythmic breathing.Many studies focus on the brainstem as the primary modulator of resp...

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“…Glick et al,6 using dogs placed on cardiopulmonary bypass, demonstrated that lung inflation to 20 em a ,o for 30 s caused a decrease in heart rate, systemic vascular resistance, and cardiac contractility that could be abolished by bilateral vagotomies. 14 In our patients, we hypothesize that as pulmonary compliance improved, regional hyperinflation occurred, leading to stimulation of the J receptors with subsequent bradycardia. 7 The natural stimulus for the J receptors appears to be pulmonary congestion; however, hyperinflation has also been shown to increase J receptor activity leading to apnea, hypotension, and bradycardia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%