Heterogeneous catalysis

Mitchell, J.

doi:10.1021/ed009p261

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…3−6 Heterogeneous catalytic reactions are complex processes that involve interactions of liquid and/or gas reactant(s) with the surface of a solid catalyst. 7 The concept of an active site (i.e., a particular surface atom or group of such atoms exhibiting special structure and properties, where the catalyzed transformation takes place) is central to discussion of the catalytic reaction mechanisms. The nature of the active sites of working catalysts may be unraveled with the use of fundamental studies, 8,9 and their specific activity can be further improved.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of the Influence of Specific Surface Area on Reaction Rate in Heterogeneous Catalysis

et al. 2021

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Heterogeneous catalysis plays an important role in many chemical reactions, especially those applied in industrial processes, and therefore, its theoretical foundations are introduced not only to students majoring in chemical engineering or catalysis but also as part of general chemistry courses. The consideration of catalytic activity of various solids and mechanisms of catalytic reactions requires the introduction of the concept of an active site, which together with the catalyst specific surface area are discussed as key parameters controlling the reaction rate. There are many known demonstrations of heterogeneous catalysis phenomena that can be performed live in a lecture hall, but all of them focus only on the general idea of catalytic processes and are not suitable for quantitative analysis. Therefore, herein we present a simple demonstration of the influence of the specific surface area of a catalyst on the rate of a catalytic reaction. This demonstration is based on a model reaction of hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyzed by cobalt spinel (Co3O4) calcined at various temperatures. The differences in reaction rates can be monitored visually, and the obtained data can be used directly for a simple kinetic analysis, including comparison of numerical values of the reaction rate constants.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of the Influence of Specific Surface Area on Reaction Rate in Heterogeneous Catalysis

et al. 2021

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History of Catalysis

Smith

2010

Encyclopedia of Catalysis

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Catalysis has played a central role in the chemical industry from its beginning in the late eighteenth century. Today, catalytic processes are used to make gasoline, to synthesize most pharmaceuticals, chemicals, polymers, and to reduce pollution from cars and power plants. The discovery of new catalysts creates new products, such as polypropylene, or dramatically improves the manufacture of existing ones, such as gasoline. In the first decades of the nineteenth century, scientists, including Michael Faraday, investigated chemical reactions initiated by platinum. In 1836, Berzelius coined the word catalysis to generalize a growing body of experimental data. A half century later, Wilhelm Ostwald linked catalysis to chemical thermodynamics and kinetics by defining catalysts as substances that alter the velocity of chemical reactions without appearing in the end products. About the same time, many chemists were using heterogeneous catalysts to develop new processes, the most significant of which was the Haber, Bosch, and Mittasch ammonia process. The dramatic success of the chemical industry throughout most of the twentieth century in no small part derived from the discovery of new catalysts. Given the growing importance of catalysis to the chemical industry, many researchers investigated the fundamental mechanisms of catalysis. While many specific advances were made, no general theory emerged. Since the 1960s, academic research in catalysis has used increasingly sophisticated analytical techniques to explore catalytic phenomena at the atomic level. In part due to the maturity of the chemical industry, this new knowledge has not yet been converted into major new catalytic technologies.

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Whither Goest Thou, Catalysis

Augustine

2016

Catal Lett

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Heterogeneous catalysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Demonstration of the Influence of Specific Surface Area on Reaction Rate in Heterogeneous Catalysis

Demonstration of the Influence of Specific Surface Area on Reaction Rate in Heterogeneous Catalysis

History of Catalysis

Whither Goest Thou, Catalysis

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