Heterogeneous catalytic transesterification of phosphatidylcholine

Balasubramanian, Rajesh Kumar; Obbard, Jeffrey Philip

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.040

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This may be due to the larger particle size of the catalyst and the contribution from the microscale zirconia support. In spite of this, the surface area of CMSS is comparable to values for pure Ca(OCH 3 ) 2 catalysts reported in literature [11]. Furthermore, the average pore diameter and total pore volume of the catalyst were 174 Å and 0.145 cm 3 g -1 , respectively.…”

Section: Fig 2 X-ray Diffraction Patterns Of Cmss Catalystsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Binary metal-doped methoxide catalyst for biodiesel production from palm stearin

et al. 2015

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Heterogeneous transesterification of vegetable oils offers an environmentally more attractive option for biodiesel production compared with the conventional homogeneous processes. Thus, double metallic methoxide catalyst was developed in the present study, aiming to improve the transesterification of low-cost palm stearin (PS) and reduce waste generation. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized catalyst were studied by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, temperature-programmed desorption-CO 2 coupled with mass spectrometry, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analyses. The optimum parameters were obtained via the response surface methodology coupled with a central composite design. Transesterification with the highest biodiesel yield of 98 % was obtained using 3 % catalyst loading, methanolto-PS ratio of 11:1, 125 min reaction time, and 70°C temperature. This catalyst appears to be a promising candidate to replace homogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production, as it required short reaction duration and offered high reusability.

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Section: Fig 2 X-ray Diffraction Patterns Of Cmss Catalystsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The first reflection plane at 2h = 10.7°is the characteristic peak of calcium methoxide, being responsible for the transesterification reaction [11]. This indicates that the catalyst was well integrated into the support's matrix.…”

Section: Fig 2 X-ray Diffraction Patterns Of Cmss Catalystmentioning

confidence: 97%

Binary metal-doped methoxide catalyst for biodiesel production from palm stearin

et al. 2015

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“…Furthermore, there was another research that investigate the performance of conventional calcium methoxide catalyst via the following reaction conditions: 150 min, 1:4.5 of oil/methanol ratio, 1.5% of catalyst loading and 65 • C to give about 90-95% of biodiesel yield (Gryglewicz, 1999). Some other researchers able to obtain 94 ± 2% of FAME yield through 240 min reaction duration, 12:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 3% catalyst concentration and 60 • C of reaction temperature (Balasubramanian and Obbard, 2011). However, there was no statistical study has been performed on the respective solid heterogeneous catalyst.…”

Section: Statistical Study Via Response Surface Methodologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Biodiesel from low cost palm stearin using metal doped methoxide solid catalyst

Theam

Islam

Choo

et al. 2015

Industrial Crops and Products

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a b s t r a c tHeterogeneous transesterification of vegetable oils offers an environmentally more attractive option for biodiesel production compared to the conventional homogeneous processes. Thus, the metal doped methoxide catalyst was developed in the present study which aims to improve the transesterification of low cost palm stearin (PS) and reduce the generation of waste. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), nitrogen adsorption/desorption (BET) and temperature programmed desorption-CO 2 (TPD-CO 2 ) coupled with mass spectrometer. The optimum parameters were studied via response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD). The synthesized catalyst exhibited a high biodiesel yield at 94.7% with methanol to PS molar ratio of 6:1, 1% catalyst loading and less than 3 h of reaction time. The better catalytic activity of the aforementioned catalyst in the biodiesel reaction could be attributed to the presence of optimal number of catalytically active acid site density on its surface.

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“…For a basic catalyst, either sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) should be used with methanol or ethanol as well as any kind of oils, refine, crude or frying (Rajesh and Jeffrey, 2011;Kai et al, 2010;Khalisanni et al, 2008). In this process it is better to produce the alcoxy before the reaction to obtain a better global efficiency (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transesterification of Palm Oil for the Production of Biodiesel

Khalid¹

2011

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Problem statement: Palm oil is known as an important source of edible oil with significant values of renewable energy. Depletion of petroleum had captured much attention on producing biodiesel from the palm oil. Approach: The most concerning methods for the production of biodiesel were discussed, namely transesterification (alkali and acid), enzymetic approach and supercritical alcohol. Results: The results showed the vis-à-vis of the methods for possible consideration of research. Conclusion: Concerning the importance of this vegetable oil, the contribution of palm oil towards diminution of fossil fuel, possible methods for the production of biodiesel and the opportunity for the futures is very much important.

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Heterogeneous catalytic transesterification of phosphatidylcholine

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Binary metal-doped methoxide catalyst for biodiesel production from palm stearin

Binary metal-doped methoxide catalyst for biodiesel production from palm stearin

Biodiesel from low cost palm stearin using metal doped methoxide solid catalyst

Transesterification of Palm Oil for the Production of Biodiesel

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