Heterogeneous Impacts of SPS and TBT Regulations: Firm-Level Evidence from Deep Trade Agreements

Fernandes, Ana M.; Lefebvre, Kevin; Rocha, Nadia

doi:10.1596/1813-9450-9700

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…TBTs consist of both voluntary and mandatory measures for achieving product standards, and in the case of food products, encompass labelling specifications, nutrition requirements, stipulations on quality, and packaging conditions (WTO, 2022d). 4 Another recent and noteworthy development in the global trading system has been the concerted trend towards the regulatory convergence/harmonisation of SPS measures and TBTs within PTAs (Fernandes et al, 2021;Santeramo & Lamonaca, 2022b). Regulatory convergence can take several forms, and in general, such provisions relate to requirements on mutual recognition (PTA signatories agreeing to uphold the standards of their fellow members), equivalence (signatories agreeing to treat their fellow members' standards as equivalent to their own), or explicit harmonisation (the adoption of consistent and harmonised standards by all PTA members) of SPS measures and/or TBTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of tariffs and NTMs on beef, pork and poultry trade

Ridley,

Luckstead,

Devadoss

2024

J Agricultural Economics

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Though tariffs have declined in recent years, the number of applied non‐tariff measures (NTMs) in meat trade has expanded. We estimate the impacts of tariffs and NTMs (sanitary and phytosanitary [SPS] measures, technical barriers to trade [TBTs], quantitative restrictions, and special safeguard measures) on beef, pork and poultry trade using a structural gravity model. Our baseline regression results show tariffs hinder trade, but SPS measures and TBTs on average expand trade for these three meat products. Using the estimates from our structural gravity model, we simulate the differential effects of declining tariffs versus proliferation of NTMs between 2003 and 2019. The simulation results show that tariff reductions during this period expanded global trade by a cumulative US$466.2 million for the three products, ceteris paribus. In contrast, growth in the number of NTMs caused global meat trade to rise by US$8.4 billion. Our findings thus suggest that the marked increase in the number of applied NTMs in recent decades has had a dramatically larger impact on global meat trade than tariff reductions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of tariffs and NTMs on beef, pork and poultry trade

Ridley,

Luckstead,

Devadoss

2024

J Agricultural Economics

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“…Technical regulations can significantly facilitate or hinder trade [8] based on the specific products or markets that enter the data. Some studies suggest a negative effect of technical measures on trade ev en though the intensity of such effect varies across products [9][10][11][12][13] while others found both positive and negative effects on trade [4,8,14,15]. This heterogeneity leads to a new field of research that aims at laying a theoretical foundation explaining the mechanics of technical measures' effect on trade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity effect of technical measures: Evidence from the Vietnam seafood trade

Nga,

Minh

2024

ijirss

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The free trade movement sweeping across the globe has destabilized the role of tariffs and emphasized the importance of technical measures as the main tool for regulating trade. The effect of technical measures on trade flow is both controversial and ambiguous despite their undeniable popularity in both theoretical and empirical literature. Empirical evidence shows both a positive and negative relationship between technical measures and trade volume which raises the question of “what determinants create and dictate the heterogeneity associating with the effect of technical measures on trade”. This paper aims at constructing a theoretical foundation that explains the mechanics by which technical measures affect trade flow and identifies the existence of the heterogeneity effect of SPS and TBT measures on Vietnam’s seafood exports by using a gravity model with a combination of PPML and moderator estimation. Accordingly, an additional SPS measure boosts the export of Vietnam’s seafood by 0.3% but an additional TBT measure decreases Vietnam’s seafood export by 1.9% on average. Furthermore, the results of this study also confirm the moderating role of firms’ efficiency and consumers’ preferences in determining the impact of technical barriers on trade. This paper also recommends some solutions for the Vietnamese government and enterprises to enhance their ability to comply with TBT and SPS measures to promote seafood export.

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“…Some scholars have studied the trade effects of the overall depth of RTAs and demonstrated that an increase in the depth of RTAs has a positive impact on traditional trade [ 2 , 3 ], value chain trade [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], and the value chain division of labor [ 8 , 9 ]. Meanwhile, some scholars have researched the trade effects of the depth of the terms in RTAs and examined the heterogeneous impacts of the depth of environmental terms [ 10 , 11 ], the depth of digital trade facilitation terms [ 12 ], the depth of intellectual property terms [ 13 ], and the depth of technical trade measures terms [ 14 ] on a country’s foreign trade. Second, regarding the factors affecting residents’ health, scholars have mainly analyzed the internal and external factors that affect residents’ health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Deep Regional Trade Agreements Improve Residents’ Health? A Cross-Country Study

Liu

Chen

Liu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The development trend of deepening regional trade agreements (RTAs) is becoming more prominent, traditional RTAs based on border terms continue to shift to deep RTAs based on the high level of border terms and a series of post-border terms, but the relationship between deep RTAs and residents’ health has not drawn much attention. Based on Gallup World Poll data from 2009 to 2017 covering 786,040 respondents in 143 countries, this study empirically examined the impact of deep RTAs on the health of residents as well as its influence mechanisms by using the combination of fixed effects and stepwise regression. The results show that deep RTAs have a significantly positive impact on residents’ health, which means that an increase in the depth of RTAs can improve residents’ health. However, the impact of deep RTAs on residents’ health is heterogeneous, caused by the different terms of RTAs, the different income levels of different countries, and the different types of residents. Meanwhile, deep RTAs mainly improve the health of residents through employment effects and environmental effects. This study highlights the importance of deep RTAs for improving the health of residents and provides new ideas for governments to assist in the formulation of policies that can effectively improve their residents’ health.

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Heterogeneous Impacts of SPS and TBT Regulations: Firm-Level Evidence from Deep Trade Agreements

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Impacts of tariffs and NTMs on beef, pork and poultry trade

Impacts of tariffs and NTMs on beef, pork and poultry trade

Heterogeneity effect of technical measures: Evidence from the Vietnam seafood trade

Do Deep Regional Trade Agreements Improve Residents’ Health? A Cross-Country Study

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