Heterogeneous Phased Array Architecture Consisting of AoD and AiP to Enhance Spherical Beamforming Coverage for 5G/6G Cellular Handsets

70‐1: Antenna‐on‐Display (AoD) for Smartphones: Role, Main Requirements, and Promising Antenna Evolution

“…Consequently, normally, AoD has lower antenna performance than AiP in the free-space scenario. To put it differently, the mm-wave AoD mainly is auxiliary complement to mm-wave AiP modules in smartphones to enable better overall wireless communication quality together [7], [8]; equivalently, AiP and AoD can be viewed as mutual complements [9]. Thus, based on the antenna-switching scheme which is popularly applied to smartphones for mm-Wave antenna arrays, the mm-wave AoD is mainly triggered to function in the scenarios when the performance of mm-wave AiP modules cannot support qualified wireless communications, for instance, the discussed occurrence of wireless blind zones due to the lack of beam coverage or the occurrence of blockage on the mm-wave AiP modules.…”