Heterogeneous reactions of suspended parathion, malathion, and fenthion particles with NO3 radicals

Heterogeneous reaction of particulate chlorpyrifos with NO 3 radicals: Products, pathways, and kinetics

“…The proposed formation mechanism of the disulfide compound is in accordance with the previous reports on the phosphinyl disulfides formed from thiols [33,37,40]. The similar disulfide compounds have also been observed in the heterogeneous reaction of suspended malathion particles with NO 3 radicals and ozone in previous studies [33,41]. Some differences are found between the proposed pathways in this study and those of chlorpyrifos in aqueous solution by ultrasonic irradiation and in a cranberry bog by soil microorganism [10,19].…”

“…One reaction pathway is the transformation of the P S double bond into the P O double bond, which is similar to the heterogeneous reaction mechanism of many organothiophosphorus pesticides with NO 3 radicals [29,33,41]. Hydrolysis plays a vital part in the heterogeneous reaction of chlorpyrifos particles with NO 3 radicals.…”

Kinetic studies of heterogeneous reactions of particulate phosmet and parathion with NO3 radicals

“…In our earlier studies, the reaction products and chemical mechanisms of heterogeneous reactions of particulate phosmet and parathion with NO 3 radicals have been reported (Liu et al, 2011(Liu et al, , 2012a. Additionally, the apparent reaction rate of phosmet and the decay rate of parathion have also been determined (Liu et al, 2011(Liu et al, , 2012a. However, as the key kinetic parameters of their heterogeneous reactions, effective rate constants and reactive uptake coefficients have not been determined yet.…”

“…Great efforts have been made into the studies on the two OPPs, but most of which focused on photolysis, toxic effects, and the metabolites in plants, waters and soils (Namba et al, 1971;Wauchope et al, 1992;Sinderhauf and Schwack, 2005;Wu and Linden, 2008;Slotkin et al, 2009;Fan et al, 2011). In our earlier studies, the reaction products and chemical mechanisms of heterogeneous reactions of particulate phosmet and parathion with NO 3 radicals have been reported (Liu et al, 2011(Liu et al, , 2012a. Additionally, the apparent reaction rate of phosmet and the decay rate of parathion have also been determined (Liu et al, 2011(Liu et al, , 2012a.…”

“…Considering its high concentration at night, NO 3 radicals may play an important role in controlling the lifetimes of atmospheric OPPs. However, few rate data for heterogeneous reactions of particulate OPPs with NO 3 radicals have hitherto been determined (Liu et al, 2011(Liu et al, , 2012aWang et al, 2012).…”