Heterogeneous synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by LiCl/CaO

Tang, Ying; Xue, Yuying; Li, Zhaoyi; Yan, Tianlan; Zhou, Rui; Zhang, Zhiping

doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2018.11.003

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A 94.95% conversion of glycerol was obtained after the fifth reuse of KNO 3 /CaO catalyst, and the leaching test also showed that both the basic strength of CaO and the stability of the Ca 2+ species were significantly improved. Recently, the Tang group reported the LiCl/CaO-catalyzed transesterification of glycerol, providing glycerol carbonate in a 94.2% yield (Table 2, entry 13) [63]. Pleasantly, the activity of the LiCl-modified catalyst was much more stable compared with the commercial CaO catalyst obviously.…”

Section: Cao-catalyzed Transesterification Of Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development of Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Transesterification of Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate

2019

Catalysts

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Glycerol is one of the most crucial by-products in the production of biodiesel, and owing to its oversaturation in the market, several synthetic strategies have been developed to transform it into other higher value-added products such as glycerol carbonate, epichlorohydrin, 1,3-propanediol, etc. Amongst them, glycerol carbonate is considered to be the most valuable product. Considering the facile separation and reusability of catalyst, heterogeneous base catalysts have attracted considerable attention due to the obvious advantages over Brϕnsted acid and homogeneous base catalysts in the transesterification of glycerol. Herein, we will give a short overview on the recent development of the heterogeneous catalysis in the transesterification of glycerol with dialkyl carbonate. Focus will be concentrated on the heterogeneous base catalysts including alkaline-earth metal oxides (MgO, CaO, and mixed oxides), hydrotalcites, zeolites, clinoptilolites, organic bases, etc. Their catalytic mechanisms during the heterogeneous process will be elucidated in detail.

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Section: Cao-catalyzed Transesterification Of Glycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Development of Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Transesterification of Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate

2019

Catalysts

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“…Thus, some acid and hydrothermal treatments could significantly improve the catalytic activity of dolomite. The catalytic activity results are five, four, and three times higher than those reported in the literature under similar reaction conditions with MgO–CeO 2 [ 36 ], CaLa [ 12 ], and Li/CaO [ 37 ] catalysts, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Modified Natural Dolomite and Its Influence on the Production of Glycerol Carbonate: Effects of Structural and Basicity Properties

et al. 2021

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A systematic study over different treatment conditions, including hydrothermal and acid-thermal, was successfully carried out to determine the most suitable conditions to enhance the textural properties and surface chemical composition of natural dolomite. The reconstruction of dolomite after various treatments enhanced the surface area by 4–5 times and diminished the pore diameter between 70% and 81% compared to the untreated parent dolomite. The Rietveld analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed changes in the crystalline compositions after each treatment. When the treated dolomite was used as a catalyst to produce glycerol carbonate via a transesterification reaction of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate, the crystalline Ca(OH)2 concentration of the modified dolomite and the apparent glycerol carbonate formation rate (rgc) are well-correlated. The results suggest that an increase of the crystalline Ca(OH)2 concentration could be related with surface basicity at the weak and moderate strength sites that may lead to an increase in catalytic activity. The hydrothermal treated dolomite showed a selectivity of glycerol carbonate greater than 99% and rgc value 3.42 mmol/min·gcat, which was higher than that achieved on other samples. This study could aid to the proper selection of dolomite treatment for the desired crystalline composition, depending on the applications of this highly available mineral.

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“…Thus, their application for glycerol carboxylation has been ruled out. The alkylene carbonates too have not been found suitable for the commercial production of glycerol carbonate as its reaction with glycerol is a multistep reaction involving lengthy and costly separation procedures and chemicals. ,, Mahdi et al attempted glycerol carbonate production from glycerol using a cheaper reactant such as sodium bicarbonate as carbonate source over treated clinoptilolite using water as solvent. The maximum glycerol conversion was assessed over treated clinoptilolite with pore diameter of 0.46 mm, 9 wt % catalyst loading, sodium bicarbonate/glycerol ratio of 3, and water/glycerol ratio of 3 at 100 °C in 30 min.…”

Section: Glycerol Carbonate Production: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, alkyl carbonates have been used as alternative reagents to produce glycerol carbonate under moderate reaction conditions. In fact the dialkyl carbonates are preferred over other carbonate sources in the reaction by researchers. − The carboxylation reaction of glycerol with dialkyl carbonates (DMC and DEC) does not need extremely harsh reaction conditions (high temperature and high pressure) and produces the least toxic side products through the transesterification reaction. − Moreover, this reaction is faster and gives higher conversion. Diethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonates are frequently used in transesterification for glycerol carbonate production.…”

Section: Glycerol Carbonate Production: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review on Production of Glycerol Carbonate from Byproduct Glycerol through Transesterification

Sahani

Upadhyay

Sharma

2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The biodiesel obtained from nonedible and waste-cooking oils through the transesterification process has been recognized as a renewable energy source. This transesterification process produces glycerol as the main byproduct. Glycerol and its derivatives have a lot of applications in the pharmaceutical industry, organic synthesis, and the cosmetic industry. The glycerol can be converted into value-added derivatives via several catalyzed chemical reactions, viz. esterification, selective reduction, selective oxidation, pyrolysis, halogenation, condensation, carboxylation, dehydration, reformation, transesterification, etherification, etc. Among various glycerol derivatives, glycerol carbonate is one of the most value-added products which is employed in industrial application for the preparation of polyurethanes. There are several methods for its preparation using glycerol as a platform molecule, but the transesterification method using dimethyl carbonate is the most efficient way employing mild reaction conditions and the least harmful reagents. This review presents a critical assessment of the available published information on large scale production of glycerol carbonate using various homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts reported in the last five years. Effects of relevant reaction parameters affecting the transesterification route have been discussed with some suggestions for future work in this area.

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Heterogeneous synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by LiCl/CaO

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

Recent Development of Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Transesterification of Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate

Recent Development of Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Transesterification of Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate

Modified Natural Dolomite and Its Influence on the Production of Glycerol Carbonate: Effects of Structural and Basicity Properties

Critical Review on Production of Glycerol Carbonate from Byproduct Glycerol through Transesterification

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