Heterogeneously supported active Pd(0) complex on silica mediated by PEG as efficient dimerization catalyst for the production of high energy density fuel

Liu, Cong; Zhang, Chaoqun; Liu, Ruichen; Wang, Li; Zhang, Xiangwen; Li, Guozhu

doi:10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112170

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Длину цепи и концентрацию ПЭГ регулировали для дальнейшей оптимизации состояния комплекса Pd(0) на кремнеземе. Разработанный гетерогенный комплекс Pd(0), нанесенный на дендритные мезопористые наносферы диоксида кремния, регулируемые PEG2000 5 , продемонстрировал превосходные характеристики для производства топлива с высокой плотностью энергии посредством селективной содимеризации НБД с КЦ, при котором с 80% выходом в атмосфере азота при температуре в 110 °С был получен димер 8 [115]. Однако, даже несмотря на то, что авторам этой работы удалось не только уменьшить долю неактивных частиц катализатора Pd(II) и агрегацию активных частиц Pd(0) в данной реакции за счет ПЭГ, стабильность гетерогенизированных катализаторов во времени для процессов димеризации продолжает быть камнем предкновения при создании эффективных технологий на их основе.…”

Section: димеризация нбдunclassified

Features of heterogeneous catalytic transformations of strained carbocyclic compounds of the norbornene series

Durakov

Kolobov

Флид

2022

Fine Chem. Technol.

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Objectives. Catalytic processes involving norbornene (NBN) and norbornadiene (NBD) offer exceptional opportunities for the synthesis of a wide range of hard-to-reach polycyclic hydrocarbons. The problems of selectivity and manufacturability of these reactions are fundamentally important for their practical implementation. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest advances in the field of designing heterogeneous catalysts for the preparation and transformation of promising NBN- and NBD-derivatives with the maintenance of a strained carbocyclic framework in isomerization and dimerization reactions of these compounds.Results. Various strategies for the selection of catalysts and prospects for the development of heterogeneous catalysis for syntheses based on NBN and NBD derivatives were considered. The possibility of selective cyclic dimerization and isomerization of NBN and NBD was shown. The factors that affect the direction of the reactions and make it possible to maintain the strained norbornane structure were discussed.Conclusions. An analysis of the current state of this problem showed that at present, the technological parameters of the conversion of NBD and NBN derivatives with the participation of heterogeneous catalysts are significantly inferior to homogeneous systems. In order to improve the productivity of these processes and design catalyst regeneration, further investigations are required. However, some progress in these areas has already been made. In a number of processes, it is possible not only to maintain the strained carbocyclic framework, but also to establish ways to control regio- and stereo-selectivity. In some cases, the use of heterogeneous catalysts allows the process to be direct into a completely new path, which has no analogues for homogeneous systems.

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Section: димеризация нбдunclassified

Features of heterogeneous catalytic transformations of strained carbocyclic compounds of the norbornene series

Durakov

Kolobov

Флид

2022

Fine Chem. Technol.

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“…Hydrocarbon fuels with good low-temperature fluidity and high energy density are essential to expanding flight distance and increasing payload. − Tetracyclo[6,2,1,0 2,7 ,1 3,6 ]dodecene (TCD) with multiple bridge rings is a competitive candidate for developing new fuels owing to its good physicochemical and energy properties. − Using cyclopentadiene (CPD) and norbornene (NBE) as starting materials, TCD can be synthesized through the Diels–Alder reaction . NBE is readily available in industry, and it has an active double bond and unique bridge ring structure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian Optimized Oscillating Electric Heating of Dicyclopentadiene and Norbornene for Fuel Production

Zhao

Liu

Jing

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Tetracyclo[6,2,1,01,7,13,6]dodecene (TCD) is conventionally synthesized by continuous heating of norbornene (NBE) and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), in which the synthesis rate and isomer selectivity are hardly improved under such near equilibrium conditions. In this study, an alternative thermochemical synthesis technique using direct electric heating is present. Alternate heating and cooling of the reaction mixture can be rapidly realized by programmable electric current flowing in the reactor tube. The reaction has been switched in a timely fashion between high temperature and low temperature at a given speed. At a high temperature, the active intermediate of cyclopentadiene (CPD) quickly forms. Rapid cooling ensures the nonequilibrium kinetic control of CPD copolymerization for increasing the selectivity. The energy cost is reduced by lowering the average temperature. As optimized by the Bayesian method, the operating conditions of oscillating heating (e.g., amplitude, frequency, pressure, and so on) are determined to precisely match the time scales of fast generation and directed consumption of CPD. The oscillating heating method leads to a high yield of endo,exo-TCD (62.4% versus 11.6% by the conventional continuous-heating method). High-energy-density fuels with good low-temperature fluidity are prepared using hydrogenated TCD as the key component.

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Multi-objective Design of Blending Fuel by Intelligent Optimization Algorithms

Liu,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2024

Trans. Tianjin Univ.

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Heterogeneously supported active Pd(0) complex on silica mediated by PEG as efficient dimerization catalyst for the production of high energy density fuel

Cited by 4 publications

References 52 publications

Features of heterogeneous catalytic transformations of strained carbocyclic compounds of the norbornene series

Features of heterogeneous catalytic transformations of strained carbocyclic compounds of the norbornene series

Bayesian Optimized Oscillating Electric Heating of Dicyclopentadiene and Norbornene for Fuel Production

Multi-objective Design of Blending Fuel by Intelligent Optimization Algorithms

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