Heterogenized homogeneous catalyst. 3. Oxidation of benzaldehyde in a semibatch tubular wall reactor

Abstract

Effects on the phase equilibria and volumes of C02/crude oil mixtures of adding N2, CH4, H2S, or S02 contaminants are reported. Phase equilibria data were measured at temperatures above and below the C02 critical temperature and pressures up to 240 atm. Visual observations indicated conditions which promoted solid-phase formation. The data show that contaminant gases can have a pronounced effect on C02 solubility and oil swelling. These effects must be considered in C02 source selection and recycling for enhanced oil recovery. Measured swelling factors and bubble points are compared with the predictions of an empirical correlation, and a simple Peng-Robinson equation of state which treats the mixture as a binary with the crude oil as a single pseudocomponent. Swelling factor predictions using either method are in good agreement with the measured values. Equation of state predictions of bubble-point pressure were less successful.

Epoxidation of oleic acid with oxygen in the presence of benzaldehyde using heterogenized homogeneous co‐type ion‐exchange membrane as catalyst

“…Similar results also have been reported in the liquid phase oxidation of hydrocarbons (Sadana, 1981). To improve the reaction of the oxidation of aldehydes, a catalytic wall of a tubular reactor was proposed (Kuo and Chou, 1987b&c). By using this type of reactor for the oxidation of benzaldehyde, high selectivity and yield of perbenzoic acid were found.…”

“…In this work, a heterogenized homogeneous catalyst was used to abstract hydrogen atom from benzaldehyde and form the free radical C6H5C0, which then reacts with oxygen in bulk solution. The reaction mechanism of oxidation of benzaldehyde to form perbenzoic acid using heterogenized homogeneous cobalt ion as catalyst (Kuo and Chou, 1987b), and the reaction mechanism of epoxidation of oleic acid by perbenzoic acid and free radical C6H~CC+ have been reported (Kuo and Chou, 1987a). Epoxidized oleic acid is possibly produced by reaction of the oleic acid with both the generated perbenzoic acid and free radical C6 H5 C Q .…”

“…The primary industrial impact has occurred in the production of high-density PE by using the silica-supported chromium catalyst which has largely displaced the traditional Ziegler-Natta catalysts (Parshall, 1978). Several investigators (Chou and Lee, 1985;Hwang and Chou, 1987;Kuo and Chou, 1987b&c) used a resin or membrane as the solid support for preparing the heterogenized homogeneous cobalt ion catalyst which was used for the autoxidation of aldehydes. They proposed a catalytic reaction mechanism which involves the free radical initiation and termination on the solid surface and propagation in the bulk solution.…”

Induction Model for the Heterogeneously-Catalyzed Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Aldehydes

“…The formation rate of n-perheptanoic acid is a constant. The reaction mechanisms in the steady-state period have been discussed sufficiently in previous papers (Chou and Lee, 1985;Hwang and Chou, 1987a;Kuo and Chou, 1987). The formation rate of n-perheptanoic acid decreases with reaction time in region I11 as shown in Figure 2.…”

“…Production of an organic peracid from the partial oxidation of aldehyde, using a Co-type resin as catalyst, has been developed (Chou and Lee, 1985;Hwang and Chou, 1987a;Kuo and Chou, 1987). The reaction mechanism in oxidation of aldehydes using Co-type resin as catalyst for a surplus oxygen concentration (Chou and Lee, 1985;Hwang and Chou, 1987a;Kuo and Chou, 1987 The reactions of heterogeneously-catalyzed liquid-phase oxidation of aldehydes in the steady-state region (Kuo and Chou, 1987;Hwang and Chou, 1987b;Hwang et al, 1991) have been sufficiently discussed. However, no paper has focused on the reaction of the heterogeneouslycatalyzed liquid-phase oxidation of aldehydes in the induction period.…”