Heterologous chitinase gene expression to improve plant defense against phytopathogenic fungi

Schickler, Hedva; Chet, I.

doi:10.1038/sj.jim.2900447

Cited by 35 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…In addition, genes encoding seedspecific antimicrobial proteins or glucanases and chitinases of microbial origin have been analyzed in vitro, as well as in transgenic plants (122). The results obtained corroborate the conclusion that resistance can be enhanced against some pathogens in some plant species.…”

Section: Activities and Biological Significance Of Other Inducible Desupporting

confidence: 69%

Significance of Inducible Defense-related Proteins in Infected Plants

Loon

Rep

Pieterse

2006

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

2,791

1,968

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Inducible defense-related proteins have been described in many plant species upon infection with oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, or viruses, or insect attack. Several types of proteins are common and have been classified into 17 families of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs). Others have so far been found to occur more specifically in some plant species. Most PRs and related proteins are induced through the action of the signaling compounds salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, or ethylene, and possess antimicrobial activities in vitro through hydrolytic activities on cell walls, contact toxicity, and perhaps an involvement in defense signaling. However, when expressed in transgenic plants, they reduce only a limited number of diseases, depending on the nature of the protein, plant species, and pathogen involved. As exemplified by the PR-1 proteins in Arabidopsis and rice, many homologous proteins belonging to the same family are regulated developmentally and may serve different functions in specific organs or tissues. Several defense-related proteins are induced during senescence, wounding or cold stress, and some possess antifreeze activity. Many defense-related proteins are present constitutively in floral tissues and a substantial number of PR-like proteins in pollen, fruits, and vegetables can provoke allergy in humans. The evolutionary conservation of similar defense-related proteins in monocots and dicots, but also their divergent occurrence in other conditions, suggest that these proteins serve essential functions in plant life, whether in defense or not.

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Section: Activities and Biological Significance Of Other Inducible Desupporting

confidence: 69%

Significance of Inducible Defense-related Proteins in Infected Plants

Loon

Rep

Pieterse

2006

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

2,791

1,968

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both infectious agents and abiotic stress can cause induction of plant chitinases (Yun et al, 1997). Chitinases possess anti-fungal activity that causes in vitro lysis of hyphal tips as well as inhibition of spore germination in Alternaria, Fusarium and Trichoderma (Schlumbaum et al, 1986;Mauch et al, 1988;Sela-Buurlage et al, 1993;Schickler and Chet, 1997). Enhanced resistance to fungal diseases in plants has been attributed to induce chitinase activity during incompatible interactions (Boller et al, 1983;San et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Agrobacterium -mediated transformation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) using a heterologous bean chitinase gene

Tohidfar

Mohammadi

Ghareyazie

2005

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., var. Coker 312) hypocotyl explants were transformed with three strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, LBA4404, EHA101 and C58, each harboring the recombinant binary vector pBI121 containing the chi gene insert and neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) gene, as selectable marker. Inoculated tissue sections were placed onto cotton co-cultivation medium. Transformed calli were selected on MS medium containing 50 mg l )1 kanamycin and 200 mg l )1 cepotaxime. Putative calli were subsequently regenerated into cotton plantlets expressing both the kanamycin resistance gene and b-glucuronidase (gus) as a reporter gene. Polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the integration of chi and nptII transgenes in the T 1 plants genome. Integration of chi gene into the genome of putative transgenic was further confirmed by Southern blot analysis. 'Western' immunoblot analysis of leaves isolated from T 0 transformants and progeny plants (T 1 ) revealed the presence of an immunoreactive band with MW of approximately 31 kDa in transgenic cotton lines using anti-chitinase-I polyclonal anti-serum. Untransformed control and one transgenic line did not show such an immunoreactive band. Chitinase specific activity in leaf tissues of transgenic lines was several folds greater than that of untransformed cotton. Crude leaf extracts from transgenic lines showed in vitro inhibitory activity against Verticillium dahliae. Transgenic plants currently growing in a greenhouse and will be bioassayed for improved resistance against V. dahlia the causal against of verticilliosis in cotton.

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“…The expression of chitinase was rapid within in a day after inoculating with Elsinoe¨, with expression levels doubling by day 2 and peaking by day 3 (2.5-fold with higher C T value). Chitinases are capable of hydrolyzing chitin-containing fungal cell walls and are therefore play a major role in plant defense (Schickler and Chet 1997). An in vitro study carried out by the University of Florida to select disease tolerant V. vinifera cv.…”

Section: Characterization Of Transcripts Uniquely Expressed In Responmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of chitinase and stilbene synthase genes in Florida hybrid bunch grapes to Elsinoë ampelina infection

2010

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Florida hybrid bunch grape (Vitis spp.) cultivars with commercial value are susceptible to anthracnose disease caused by the fungi, Elsinoe¨ampelina. The Florida grape industry is keen on improving anthracnose tolerance characteristics of these grape cultivars as the cultivation of European grapes is limited in Southeastern United States due to Pierce's disease incidence. In this connection, a molecular approach was taken to identify and characterize the gene/s differentially expressed upon infestation with E. ampelina in selected Florida hybrid bunch grape cultivars differing in their disease tolerance level. Variation in gene expressions was monitored by employing Differential Display RT-PCR. The results showed significant up-regulation of transcripts ranging between 200 and 800 bp in anthracnose-tolerant (cvs. Blue Lake and Lake Emerald) grape cultivars compared to anthracnose-susceptible (cvs. Suwannee and Blanc du Bois) cultivars. The transcripts that were uniquely induced in tolerant cultivars were identified as chitinase, stilbene synthase, protein/sugar kinases and transcriptional factor. Expression of chitinase and stilbene synthase genes was validated using real time PCR analysis. The results showed that these genes were more rapidly expressed in tolerant cultivars within a day after inoculating with E. ampelina and peaking by day 3, compared to susceptible cultivars. Induction of these antifungal genes appears to enable tolerant cultivars to withstand fungal infestation compared to susceptible cultivars. Rapid expression of chitinase and stilbene synthase genes along with others genes may be partly responsible for anthracnose-tolerance in Florida hybrid bunch grapes.Further analysis may shed light on their specific role in anthracnose tolerance.

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Heterologous chitinase gene expression to improve plant defense against phytopathogenic fungi

Cited by 35 publications

References 1 publication

Significance of Inducible Defense-related Proteins in Infected Plants

Significance of Inducible Defense-related Proteins in Infected Plants

Agrobacterium -mediated transformation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) using a heterologous bean chitinase gene

Differential expression of chitinase and stilbene synthase genes in Florida hybrid bunch grapes to Elsinoë ampelina infection

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