Catalytic C−P coupling of chiral o-bromoanilines 1a−c to the corresponding o-phosphonoanilines 2a−c, reduction to the phosphines 3a−c, and final acid-catalyzed cyclocondensation represents a convenient access to the title compounds 4a−c. Reaction of 4a,b with tBuLi allows solventdependent directed lithiation leading either to 2-lithiobenzazaphospholes with a −PCLi−NR− substructure (in Et 2 O/ KOtBu), in the case of anisyl substitution accompanied by partial additional lithiation in o-position of the MeO-group, or to regiospecific "normal" addition with formation of −P-(tBu)−CHLi−NR− species. These were trapped by ClSiMe 3 , CO 2 , or MeOH to give the corresponding substitution products 7b, 8b, 10b, 11a,b and 12a,b, respectively. 12a,b, containing the P−C−COOH structural unit, forms with Ni(COD) 2 in THF very efficient ethylene oligomerization catalysts with high selectivity for linear α-olefins. The structure elucidation of the products is based on conclusive solution NMR data and crystal structure analyses of the 1-(1S)-anisylethyl compounds 3b and 4b.