Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 among employees and their spouses at two large businesses in Zaire

Ryder, Robert W.; Ndilu, Mibandumba; Hassig, Susan E.; Kamenga, Munkolenkole; D, Sequeira; Mwandagalirwa, Kashamuka; Francis, Henry; Behets, Frieda; Colebunders, Robert; Dopagne, Alain; Kambale, Richard Mbusa; Heyward, William L.

doi:10.1097/00002030-199008000-00002

Cited by 74 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Five of the cross-sectional studies that did not find an association in the adjusted analysis, did find an association between high SES and risk for HIV infection in the univariate analysis (Ryder et al, 1990;Serwadda et al, 1992;Ayisi et al, 2000;Gregson et al, 1996;Kapiga et al, 2002). Twentyfive of 30 cross-sectional studies had sample sizes in excess of 700 participants (with the exclusion of Serwadda et al, 1992;Chao et al, 1994;Gregson et al, 1995;Kapiga et al, 2002;Msuya et al, 2002) with eleven studies in excess of 4000 participants.…”

Section: Cross-sectional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status as a Risk Factor for Hiv Infection in Women in East, Central and Southern Africa: A Systematic Review

2004

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This is a critical, systematic review of the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and HIV infection in women in Southern, Central and Eastern Africa. In light of the interest in micro-credit programmes and other HIV prevention interventions structured to empower women through increasing women's access to funds and education, this review examines the epidemiological and public health literature, which ascertains the association between low SES using different measurements of SES and risk of HIV infection in women. Also, given the focus on structural violence and poverty as factors driving the HIV epidemic at a structural/ecological level, as advocated by Paul Farmer and others, this study examines the extent to which differences in SES between individuals in areas with generalized poverty affect risk for SES. Out of 71 studies retrieved, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria including 30 cross-sectional, one case-control and five prospective cohort or nested case-control studies. Thirty-five studies used at least one measurement of female's SES and fourteen also included a measurement of partner's SES. Studies used variables measuring educational level, household income and occupation or employment status at the individual and neighbourhood level to ascertain SES. Of the 36 studies, fifteen found no association between SES and HIV infection, twelve found an association between high SES and HIV infection, eight found an association between low SES and HIV infection and one was mixed. In interpreting these results, this review examines the role of potential confounders and effect modifiers such as history of STDs, number of partners, living in urban or rural areas and time and location of study in sub-Saharan Africa. It is argued that STDs and number of partners are on the causal pathway under investigation between HIV and SES and should not be adjusted as confounders in any analysis. In conclusion, it is argued that in low-income subSaharan Africans countries, where poverty is widespread, increasing access to resources for women may initially increase risk of HIV or have no effect on risk-taking behaviours. In some parts of Southern Africa where per capita 1 income is higher and within-country inequalities in wealth are greater, studies suggest that increasing SES may decrease risk. This review concludes that increased SES may have differential effects on married and unmarried women and further studies should use multiple measures of SES. Lastly, it is suggested that the partner's SES (measured by education or income/ employment) may be a stronger predictor of female HIV serostatus than measures of female SES.

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Section: Cross-sectional Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status as a Risk Factor for Hiv Infection in Women in East, Central and Southern Africa: A Systematic Review

2004

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“…Several studies have demonstrated an association between partner occupation or SES and risk of HIV infection among women. [34][35][36][37] In a study conducted in the Democratic Republic of Congo, for example, male employees working at a bank and their spouses demonstrated a higher prevalence of HIV infection compared with men working in a textile factory and their spouses. 36 Similarly, in Rwanda, Allen et al 35 observed an increased risk of HIV among women whose partners had a higher income (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.50-2.56).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[34][35][36][37] In a study conducted in the Democratic Republic of Congo, for example, male employees working at a bank and their spouses demonstrated a higher prevalence of HIV infection compared with men working in a textile factory and their spouses. 36 Similarly, in Rwanda, Allen et al 35 observed an increased risk of HIV among women whose partners had a higher income (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.50-2.56). Studies in Malawi 31,38 and Tanzania 39,40 have also noted the protective effect of farming on risk of HIV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Risk Factors for HIV Infection Among Women in Rural Haiti: Implications for HIV Prevention Policies and Programs in Resource-Poor Settings

Fawzi

Lambert²,

Boehm³

et al. 2010

Journal of Women's Health

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Aims: The goals of this study were to (1) estimate the prevalence of HIV infection among women accessing services at a women's health center in rural Haiti and (2) to identify economic risk factors for HIV infection in this population. Methods: Women who accessed healthcare services at this center between June 1999 and December 2002 were recruited to participate. The analysis was based on data from a case-control study of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in rural Haiti. HIV prevalence in the study population was 4%. Results: In multivariate analyses, partner occupation was associated with HIV infection in women, with mechanic (OR 9.0, 95% CI 1.8-45) and market vendor (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.6-11) reflecting the strongest partner occupational risk factors. Partner's occupation as a farmer reduced the risk of infection in women by 60% (95% CI 0.14-1.1). Factors indicating low socioeconomic status (SES), such as food insecurity (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.75-5.6) and using charcoal for cooking (OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.72-3.8) suggested an association with HIV infection. Conclusions: Given pervasive gender inequality in Haiti, women's economic security often relies on their partners' income earning activities. Our findings show that although factors reflecting poverty are associated with HIV-positive status, stronger associations are observed for women whose partners indicated a more secure occupation (e.g., mechanic or market vendor). Policies and programs that expand access to education and economic opportunities for women and girls may have long-term implications for HIV prevention in Haiti and other resource-poor settings.

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“…Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) problems included: acute schizophrenia (3), depression (2), neuropathy (2), dementia (2), seizure (1), cerebral abscess (1), attempted suicide (1), confusion (3) and coma (1). Death occurred in 13 patients from pulmonary tuberculosis (4) gastroenteritis (2) coma (2) Hodgkins lymphoma (1) histoplasmosis (1) Salmonella paratyphi (1) and unknown (2).…”

Section: Std Diagnostics Initiativementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Death occurred in 13 patients from pulmonary tuberculosis (4) gastroenteritis (2) coma (2) Hodgkins lymphoma (1) histoplasmosis (1) Salmonella paratyphi (1) and unknown (2). Epidemiological data were elicited on 13 men (mean age 38 years, range 30-52), and 10 women, mean age 32 years (range 19-51).…”

Section: Std Diagnostics Initiativementioning

confidence: 99%

HIV disease in Africans of high social class.

Rogstad¹,

Ahmed-Jushuf²,

Abdullah³

et al. 1993

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 among employees and their spouses at two large businesses in Zaire

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Socioeconomic Status as a Risk Factor for Hiv Infection in Women in East, Central and Southern Africa: A Systematic Review

Socioeconomic Status as a Risk Factor for Hiv Infection in Women in East, Central and Southern Africa: A Systematic Review

Economic Risk Factors for HIV Infection Among Women in Rural Haiti: Implications for HIV Prevention Policies and Programs in Resource-Poor Settings

HIV disease in Africans of high social class.

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