Heterosis for Biomass and Grain Yield Facilitates Breeding of Productive Dual‐Purpose Winter Barley Hybrids

Bernhard, Timm; Friedt, W.; Voss-Fels, Kai P.; Frisch, Matthias; Wittkop, Benjamin

doi:10.2135/cropsci2016.10.0872

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Numerous studies calculating the GCA and SCA in wheat have been previously done to guide selection of parents and identification of heterotic pattern in wheat (Basnet et al, 2018;Borghi & Perenzin, 1994;Corbellini, Perenzin, Accerbi, Vaccino, & Borghi, 2002;Dreisigacker et al, 2005;Gowda et al, 2010Gowda et al, , 2012 and also in other cereal crops where hybrid breeding efforts are ongoing (Oettler, Burger, & Melchinger, 2003) (Fischer et al, 2010) (Bernhard et al, 2017). In wheat, Dreisigacker et al (2005) reported significant σ 2 GCA and σ 2 SCA and also a higher σ 2 GCA to σ 2 SCA ratio in CIM-MYT germplasm.…”

Section: General and Specific Combining Abilities And Their Implications In Hybrid Wheat Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of heterosis and combining abilities of U.S. winter wheat germplasm for hybrid development in Texas

et al. 2020

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Hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) offers promises to break the yield stagnation in global wheat productivity as a result of heterosis. But, for this promise to be realized, the level of heterosis must be adequate. To test this, elite winter wheat lines from the breeding programs of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) and Texas A&M University (TAMU) were crossed in a 25-by-25 full-diallel design using a chemical hybridizing agent (CHA) to produce experimental hybrids. These hybrids were planted in a modified augmented design with commercial checks and parents at McGregor, TX, in 2016 (n = 612) and Greenville and Bushland, TX, in 2017 (n = 470) to evaluate for yield heterosis and combining ability. A subset of hybrids (n = 333) were repeated between years. The effect of field heterogeneity in grain yield was corrected by spatial modelling in ASReml-R. Commercial heterosis ranged from −78.3 to 20.4% in 2016 and −32.9 to 6.2% in 2017. High-parent heterosis (HPH) ranged from −70.4 to 54.3% in 2016 and −26.9 to 29.2% in 2017. General combining ability (GCA) variance was significantly higher than zero, whereas specific combining ability (SCA) variance was not. Significant maternal effect was identified in some crosses tested by computing reciprocal effects between crosses and estimating variances. This indicates that most of the heterosis is due to additive rather than dominance effect. These results suggest exploitation of GCA for higher yield while underscoring the need for development of heterotic pools to maximize SCA and dominance effects.

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Section: General and Specific Combining Abilities And Their Implications In Hybrid Wheat Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of heterosis and combining abilities of U.S. winter wheat germplasm for hybrid development in Texas

et al. 2020

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“…of dry matter harvested at late milk ripeness. Bernhard et al (2017b) found genetic distance of the parents to correlate with the dry matter yield of the hybrids.…”

Section: Hybrid Winter Barley Suppresses the Aggressive Weed Blackgrmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Soil covered with winter barley is less leached during the winter and could be followed by a second crop in the more southern latitudes. The use of whole-plant winter-barley silage for bioenergy production with hybrids was suggested and studied (Bernhard et al 2017b). In hybrids grown in trials in Germany and France, the average heterosis over the best-parent in grain yield was 7.7% and 9.1%.…”

Section: Hybrid Winter Barley Suppresses the Aggressive Weed Blackgrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barley CMS detected in Finland in 1976 enabled growing of productive winter-barley F1 hybrids in the European winter-barley zone since 2002

Ahokas¹

2018

SMST

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My wide crossing program of barley (Hordeum vulgare s.l.) in 1976 yielded a system which could be used to produce F1 hybrid seeds. The genotypes were designated as msm1 (male sterile, maternal), and Rfm1a (restorer of fertility in msm1). I later found 19 other strains with dominant restorer alleles, which were carriers of a fertile cytoplasm. Hence, the restorer genes probably evolved in advance creating an opportunity for the cytoplasm to mutate to male sterility. Cytological studies revealed an uncontrolled secretion of sporopollenin in the sterile anthers, leading to their starvation and sterility. The Rfm1a gene was shown to cause an increase in the cytokinin activity of Fraction 7 in the root sap of barley, regardless of the cytoplasm type. In 1980, I found another male sterile cytoplasm, msm2, whose anther can also be restored by the Rfm1 alleles. The msm2 strain originally had complementary partial restorer genes and was found to be more responsive to such restorers than msm1. In Germany, the Rfm1 gene was recently translocated to a rye (Secale cereale) chromosome to study its response in CMS rye. The msm2 cytoplasm could be distinguished from msm1 with electron microscopy at the early stages of the anthers. The msm1 cytoplasm is not known to be associated with increased disease susceptibility, unlike the T-sterile cytoplasm formerly used to produce hybrid seeds of maize (Zea mays). Hybrid cvs: Seeds of msm1–Rfm1a were first requested from me by Hilleshög AB in Sweden. Hilleshög later became a part of Syngenta. Hilleshög techniques for sugar-beet hybrids were applied by Syngenta breeders to produce hybrid barley seeds. Syngenta introduced the first commercial winter-barley hybrid in the UK in 2002. Their hybrid cvs were marketed to countries growing winter-barley in Europe. The ha yields of their hybrids exceeded those of conventional cultivars or parental lines by about 1000 kg. In Spain, the winter-barley hybrid yielded 21 percent more than the conventional cultivars in 2015, when grown in the field scale. For the 2016 harvest, hybrids were sown in Germany on more than 140000 ha, which reflects 11.6 percent of the total feed barley area. In 2017, Syngenta launched a cashback scheme for, if their hybrid cultivars did not comfortably out-yield the farmer's conventional counterpart that season. Hybrid seeds must be acquired for each sowing. Unlike conventional monogenic barley cultivars, the hybrids exploit genetic variability and heterozygosity. Hybrid winter-barley is the most competitive of winter cereals with the aggressive weed Alopecurus myosuroides in the UK. Thick stems in new hybrids increase lodging resistance. The winter-barley hybrid ‘Wootan’ gave ha yields up to 6000 kg in Tammisaari, though incompletely winter-hardy in Finland. Maturing a month later than the hybrid ‘Hobbit’ and with optimal winterhardiness, winter-barley hybrids could exceed ha yields of 10000 kg in Finland. Some other breeding companies seem to work for hybrid barley, too.

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“…After grain harvest, the remaining straw in the field can be incinerated, and it is estimated that more than 20 million tons undergo this process [22], resulting in the production of greenhouse gases and loss of a potential resource that could be integrated back into the soil in a different form, for example, as digestate, i.e., organic fertilizer derived from a biogas plant [23]. As stated in Bernhard et al [24], the methane yield per kg of dry matter for barley was comparable to that of maize, the most widely used cereal for biogas production [25], albeit with a lower DMY (dry matter yield), a superable shortcoming with sowing barley hybrids [24], that generally develop larger culms with a higher number of tillers [1]. In a comparison of different biomasses for bioenergy production, Dinuccio et al [26] reported that barley straw yielded about 15% higher methane than that of rice straw, although without a statistically significant difference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeding Density and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Agronomic Responses of Some Hybrid Barley Lines in a Mediterranean Environment

Preiti¹,

Calvi²,

Romeo³

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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Over two cropping seasons, 2017/18 and 2018/19, an experimental trial was conducted in a typical cereal-growing environment of the Calabrian hills (southern Italy) to study seeding rate (D) and nitrogen fertilization (N) effects on two barley F1 hybrids (Zoo and Jallon) compared to those of a traditional variety (Lutece), assessing the bio-agronomic response. Barley hybrids, gradually introduced into the principal European countries starting in 2010 as winter forage, currently represent a significant part of the EU internal market. Productive performance was evaluated as grain yield for feed and total biomass for silage and/or biogas production. Research results pointed out the greater performance of barley hybrids compared to conventional varieties in terms of both grain and biomass production. On average, barley hybrids vigour mainly manifested itself through a high tillering and a greater number of ears m−2 compared to those of the conventional variety (+24 and +23%, respectively). Furthermore, barley hybrids were characterized by a greater 1000-kernel weight and hectolitre weight than those of the Lutece variety (conventional variety). A significant increase in grain production was observed, increasing density from D150 to D225 rates (+35% and +33%, respectively) which was followed by a decrease in production shifting from D225 to D300 doses. A significant increase in biomass production was as well highlighted for the two hybrids, shifting from D150 to D225 rates (+26% and +27%, respectively). The applied nitrogen dose highlighted a different behaviour between the hybrids and the conventional variety; in particular, the lowest nitrogen dose (N80) negatively influenced the Lutece variety both in terms of grain and biomass production (−9% and −16%, respectively) while the hybrids showed the best agronomic response even at the lowest dose. On average, with the N80 dose, grain yield of Zoo and Jallon was greater than 20% and 16%, while with the N120 dose grain yield was 9% and 7%, respectively. A similar behaviour was found for biomass yield. It should therefore be emphasized that barley hybrids possess high yielding capacities and that such higher grain production can be achieved in a Mediterranean environment by using a lower seed rate (approximately −25%) and a reduced nitrogen dose (approximately −33%) compared with those commonly applied to conventional varieties.

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Heterosis for Biomass and Grain Yield Facilitates Breeding of Productive Dual‐Purpose Winter Barley Hybrids

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Estimation of heterosis and combining abilities of U.S. winter wheat germplasm for hybrid development in Texas

Estimation of heterosis and combining abilities of U.S. winter wheat germplasm for hybrid development in Texas

Barley CMS detected in Finland in 1976 enabled growing of productive winter-barley F1 hybrids in the European winter-barley zone since 2002

Seeding Density and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Agronomic Responses of Some Hybrid Barley Lines in a Mediterranean Environment

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