Heterotrophic nitrification – An eternal mystery in the nitrogen cycle

Martikainen, Pertti J.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108611

Cited by 87 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Moreover, we found soil properties, especially the SOM were the major factor that influenced bacterial community (Tables 1, 2 and 4). That may be because SOM was an important nutrient resource for soil microorganisms [50], especially the heterotrophic microorganisms are sensitive to SOM dynamics [51,52]. As well, in the present study, we found the key biomarkers of gullies such as the Rhizobiales, were positively correlated with SOM (Figure 3).…”

Section: Nvr Influenced the Microbial Community In Gullies By The Acc...supporting

confidence: 75%

Microbial Community and Their Potential Functions after Natural Vegetation Restoration in Gullies of Farmland in Mollisols of Northeast China

Xiao

Zhang

Yan

et al. 2022

Land

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Although huge numbers of gullies have been widely formed and have severely decreased the quality of farmlands in mollisols, it is still unclear how the microbial community distributes after natural vegetation restoration (NVR), which highly relates to the ecological functions in the farmland. In this study, both the microbial community and their potential ecological functions after NVR were reviewed, together with the environmental factors relating to microbial evolution which were detected in two gullies of mollisols situated on farmland in Northeast China. The main results showed that NVR improved the microbial diversity and complexity of the co-occurrence network in gullies, and promoted bacterial community composition to be similar between the gully and deposition area. Moreover, the soil organic matter (SOM) regulated the microbial diversity by balancing soil available phosphorus (AP), soil moisture (SM), and pH, thus stimulating the key bacterial biomarkers of gullies (Rhizobiales, Microtrichales, TRA3-20) and regulating the bacterial composition, as well as indirectly enriching the function of bacteria to perform denitrification, C fixation, and phosphorus transport in gullies. In addition, abundant Dicotyledons in gullies mainly regulate the fungal community composition, and increased fungal richness in 0–20 cm soil depth, but decreased bacteria richness in 0–20 cm soil depth. Our findings revealed the repair mechanism of NVR on soil bacterial and fungal communities, especially on bacterial functionality, which should be given further attention in nutrient cycling across eroding mollisols in gullies.

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Section: Nvr Influenced the Microbial Community In Gullies By The Acc...supporting

confidence: 75%

Microbial Community and Their Potential Functions after Natural Vegetation Restoration in Gullies of Farmland in Mollisols of Northeast China

Xiao

Zhang

Yan

et al. 2022

Land

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“…Microbial oxidation of NH 4 + to NO 3 – via nitrite (NO 2 – ) is termed as nitrification ( Barth et al, 2019 ) during which autotrophic nitrifiers can gain their energy for their routine activities ( Figure 4 ). Meanwhile, some heterotrophic nitrifiers can process the conversion of inorganic and organic N to NO 3 – or NO 2 – with no acquired energy, and this process is termed as heterotrophic nitrification ( Martikainen, 2022 ). Here, the discussion is only about autotrophic nitrification due to its large contribution to the N cycle relative to heterotrophic nitrification.…”

Section: Pathways Of N Cycle In Rice-based Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biological oxidation of NH 4 + ions to NO 3 – via NO 2 – stipulates the translocation of N through the negatively charged soil particles, and hence, this oxidative conversion determines the actual N fate in the soil. Generally, nitrification in rice soil is mediated in two ways, as described in the previous section of N pathways, autotrophic nitrification during which the autotrophic nitrifiers acquire their required energy for their metabolic processes ( Jung et al, 2011 ), and heterotrophic nitrification during which heterotrophic nitrifies convert the inorganic N (NH 4 + ) and organic N to NO 3 – via intermediate NO 2 – without acquiring any of their required energy ( Zhang et al, 2012 ; Hayatsu et al, 2021 ; Martikainen, 2022 ). The most likely form of N to translocate from soil solution to plant roots via mass flow is NO 3 – rather than NH 4 + , and if not readily taken up by the plant, it will cause leach down during flooding or be lost via denitrification during dry soil conditions.…”

Section: Toward Eco-efficient N Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) is termed as nitrification (Barth et al, 2019) during which autotrophic nitrifiers can gain their energy for their routine activities (Figure 4). Meanwhile, some heterotrophic nitrifiers can process the conversion of inorganic and organic N to NO 3 − or NO 2 − with no acquired energy, and this process is termed as heterotrophic nitrification (Martikainen, 2022).…”

Section: Ammonium and Nitrite Oxidation (Nitrification)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…− without acquiring any of their required energy (Zhang et al, 2012;Hayatsu et al, 2021;Martikainen, 2022). The most likely form of N to translocate from soil solution to plant roots via mass flow is NO 3 − rather than NH 4 + , and if not readily taken up by the plant, it will cause leach down during flooding or be lost via denitrification during dry soil conditions.…”

Section: Ammonium Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent trends in nitrogen cycle and eco-efficient nitrogen management strategies in aerobic rice system

Farooq

Wang

Uzair³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered as a staple food for more than half of the global population, and sustaining productivity under a scarcity of resources is challenging to meet the future food demands of the inflating global population. The aerobic rice system can be considered as a transformational replacement for traditional rice, but the widespread adaptation of this innovative approach has been challenged due to higher losses of nitrogen (N) and reduced N-use efficiency (NUE). For normal growth and developmental processes in crop plants, N is required in higher amounts. N is a mineral nutrient and an important constituent of amino acids, nucleic acids, and many photosynthetic metabolites, and hence is essential for normal plant growth and metabolism. Excessive application of N fertilizers improves aerobic rice growth and yield, but compromises economic and environmental sustainability. Irregular and uncontrolled use of N fertilizers have elevated several environmental issues linked to higher N losses in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), and nitrate (NO3–), thereby threatening environmental sustainability due to higher warming potential, ozone depletion capacities, and abilities to eutrophicate the water resources. Hence, enhancing NUE in aerobic rice has become an urgent need for the development of a sustainable production system. This article was designed to investigate the major challenge of low NUE and evaluate recent advances in pathways of the N cycle under the aerobic rice system, and thereby suggest the agronomic management approaches to improve NUE. The major objective of this review is about optimizing the application of N inputs while sustaining rice productivity and ensuring environmental safety. This review elaborates that different soil conditions significantly shift the N dynamics via changes in major pathways of the N cycle and comprehensively reviews the facts why N losses are high under the aerobic rice system, which factors hinder in attaining high NUE, and how it can become an eco-efficient production system through agronomic managements. Moreover, it explores the interactive mechanisms of how proper management of N cycle pathways can be accomplished via optimized N fertilizer amendments. Meanwhile, this study suggests several agricultural and agronomic approaches, such as site-specific N management, integrated nutrient management (INM), and incorporation of N fertilizers with enhanced use efficiency that may interactively improve the NUE and thereby plant N uptake in the aerobic rice system. Additionally, resource conservation practices, such as plant residue management, green manuring, improved genetic breeding, and precision farming, are essential to enhance NUE. Deep insights into the recent advances in the pathways of the N cycle under the aerobic rice system necessarily suggest the incorporation of the suggested agronomic adjustments to reduce N losses and enhance NUE while sustaining rice productivity and environmental safety. Future research on N dynamics is encouraged under the aerobic rice system focusing on the interactive evaluation of shifts among activities and diversity in microbial communities, NUE, and plant demands while applying N management measures, which is necessary for its widespread adaptation in face of the projected climate change and scarcity of resources.

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A nitrifier‐enriched microbial community contributes to the degradation of environmental DNA

Beattie,

Helbing,

Imbery

et al. 2023

Environmental DNA

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Environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys are a promising alternative to traditional monitoring of invasive species, rare species, and biodiversity. Detecting organism‐specific eDNA reduces the need to collect physical specimens for population estimates, and the high sensitivity of eDNA assays may improve detection of rare or cryptic species. However, correlating estimated concentrations of eDNA with species abundance can be difficult due to the many abiotic and biotic factors that influence eDNA persistence and degradation. Here, we assessed the impact of a nitrifier‐enriched microbial (NEM) community on the persistence and degradation of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) milt eDNA using experimental aquatic mesocosms and a quantitative PCR approach. The NEM community was cultured from combined sediment and water samples collected from a golf course pond in Columbia, Missouri (USA), and experiments were conducted in the dark at 22°C. We found that the NEM community transformed organic nitrogen from silver carp milt to measurable amounts of nitrate, both in the presence and absence of ammonia nitrogen. Additionally, regardless of ammonia availability, milt eDNA followed a one‐phase exponential decay pattern after an initial 24‐h plateau in the presence of the NEM community. However, milt eDNA had a shorter half‐life (12.5 h) in the absence of exogenous ammonia compared to when ammonia was present (15 h). In sterile mesocosms, eDNA was stable during the 72‐h experiment. Together, these results suggest that the presence of microorganisms is necessary for short‐term degradation of eDNA. Furthermore, nitrifying microbial communities, which are ubiquitous in most soil and water environments, could limit eDNA persistence in the environment. Understanding the contributions of environmental microbial communities will allow more confidence in sampling design and eDNA result interpretations for biodiversity management applications.

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Heterotrophic nitrification – An eternal mystery in the nitrogen cycle

Cited by 87 publications

References 138 publications

Microbial Community and Their Potential Functions after Natural Vegetation Restoration in Gullies of Farmland in Mollisols of Northeast China

Microbial Community and Their Potential Functions after Natural Vegetation Restoration in Gullies of Farmland in Mollisols of Northeast China

Recent trends in nitrogen cycle and eco-efficient nitrogen management strategies in aerobic rice system

A nitrifier‐enriched microbial community contributes to the degradation of environmental DNA

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