Heterotrophic plate count and consumer's health under special consideration of water softeners

Hambsch, B.; Sacré, C; Wagner, I.

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.08.007

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Water stagnation in all the jugs caused a general deterioration of the microbiological quality with a gradual but constant increase over time. The TAMC, as a microbiological parameter, has little value as an indicator of pathogen presence [11]. In fact, most of the microorganisms growing under the term TAMC generally include members of the natural (typically nonhazardous) microbiota of water and biofilm and, in some instances, organisms from diverse pollutant sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biofilm on the granular carbon particles is described as a monolayer facilitating an intensive contact between microorganisms and substrates dissolved in water or fixed in carbon particle pores. The granular-activated carbon, used in the household treatment devices, permits the nutrients accumulation and neutralizes residues of disinfectants, providing an ideal environment for microbial growth and consequent worsening of the microbiological quality of water [11,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gram-negative aerobic bacteria belonging to genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and other related genera usually prevail. Members of the genera Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Citrobacter, belonging to the coliform group, can be isolated at variable concentrations and successfully colonize water systems [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic environmental pathogen characterized by a high degree of adaptability, capable of growing in oligotrophic waters and surviving in disinfected water. It is easily detectable in water stagnation conditions [12] and can colonize water storage tanks, faucet aerators and household devices for the treatment of drinking water [11]. Moreover, this bacterium is involved during the early stages of biofilm formation in plumbing systems due to the production of lipopolysaccharide and extracellular glycoproteins that can adhere to surfaces and facilitate the aggregation of microorganisms present in flowing water [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavior of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes in Water from Filter Jugs

Briancesco¹,

Paduano

Semproni³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Careless use conditions of filter jugs were applied to simulate and evaluate the behavior of two ubiquitous aquatic bacterial species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes. According to a reference protocol, nine different jugs of popular brands sold in the Italian market were used for the test. Separately, a suspension of the two bacteria was spiked in water used for filling the jugs. The concentration of the test organisms and total aerobic microbial count (TAMC) was measured daily in the filtered water along a period corresponding to the cartridge lifetime. Results showed a different trend of bacterial behavior. E. aerogenes was detectable exclusively on the first day after jug filling, while P. aeruginosa confirmed its persistence over time in all the jugs and its ability to potentially colonize surfaces and cartridges. The TAMC was detected at a concentration range from 102 to 107 CFU/100 mL in all the tests, high values that were not far from those raised in bottled flat natural mineral water weeks after bottling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Behavior of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes in Water from Filter Jugs

Briancesco¹,

Paduano

Semproni³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Elsewhere, building water softeners reduced disinfectant residual concentration and contributed to increased faucet L. pneumophila and disinfection byproduct levels. − Resins can exert a free chlorine demand . The regeneration process can decrease microorganism concentrations, and pathogenic bacteria can remain in the softener even after regeneration . Softeners release organic carbon to drinking water as measured by total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels, , and the constituents have been hypothesized to serve as a microorganism food source .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential Water Softeners Release Carbon, Consume Chlorine, and Require Remediation after Hydrocarbon Contamination

Jankowski,

Gustafson,

Isaacson

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Water quality impacts of new ion exchange point-of-entry residential softeners and their ability to be decontaminated following hydrocarbon exposure were investigated. During startup, significant amounts of total sulfur (445 ± 815 mg/L) and total organic carbon (937 ± 119 mg/L) were released into the drinking water that flowed through the softeners. Particulate organic carbon was released until the third regeneration cycle, and resin may also have been released. After one week of device use, softeners continued to cause organic carbon levels to be four to five times greater than background levels. Leached materials from the ion-exchange resin contributed to chlorine decay. When resins were exposed to hydrocarbon-contaminated water, they sorbed benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and then desorbed the contaminants into drinking water during a 15 day flushing decontamination period. On day 15, benzene exceeded the federal drinking water limit for two of the four resins. The aged resin contributed to the greatest chlorine decay rates and sorbed and then retained the least amount of BTEX. Scale and biofilm on the aged resin likely prompted disinfectant reactivity and inhibited BTEX diffusion into the resin. Study results show that softeners exposed to hydrocarbon-contaminated water may need to be repeatedly flushed to remove BTEX contamination or be replaced. Additional work is recommended to better understand softener impacts on drinking water quality.

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Food Spoilage byPseudomonasspp.—An Overview

Raposo

Pérez

Faria

et al. 2016

Foodborne Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance

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Heterotrophic plate count and consumer's health under special consideration of water softeners

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Behavior of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes in Water from Filter Jugs

Behavior of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes in Water from Filter Jugs

Residential Water Softeners Release Carbon, Consume Chlorine, and Require Remediation after Hydrocarbon Contamination

Food Spoilage byPseudomonasspp.—An Overview

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