The acronym VATER/VACTERL association (OMIM #192350) refers to the rare non-random co-occurrence of the following component features (CFs): vertebral defects (V), anorectal malformations (A), cardiac defects (C), tracheoesophageal fistula with or without esophageal atresia (TE), renal malformations (R), and limb defects (L). According to epidemiological studies, the majority of patients with VATER/VACTERL association present with a “Renal” phenotype comprising a large spectrum of congenital renal anomalies. Indeed, all of the identified human disease genes for the VATER/VACTERL association, namely FGF8, FOXF1, HOXD13, LPP, TRAP1, ZIC3 have been associated with renal malformations. This review resumes these genotype-phenotype correlations and suggests that the elucidation of the genetic causes of the VATER/VACTERL association will ultimately provide insights into the genetic causes of the complete spectrum of congenital renal anomalies per se.