Heuristic assessment of bridge scour sensitivity using differential evolution: case study for linking floodplain encroachment and bridge scour

Abstract

Background: Stakeholders are often required to make judgments and decisions about the tradeoffs between multiple competing objectives inherent in any engineering design. Design optimization can provide decision support for such situations, but often prescribes that only a single design solution be selected for a given set of preferences. The purpose of this study is to frame an objective function for assessing how the sensitivity of one objective relative to another varies in space and to demonstrate the method using a real site, with spatially-dependent floodplain access and bridge scour as the objective tradeoffs. Bridge scour is a widespread and expensive infrastructure problem, and the proposed methodology provides the ability to assess how the sensitivity of bridge scour to floodplain access varies at different locations in a river reach. Results:The site chosen for demonstration purposes was the Lewis Creek in the vicinity of the Quinlan Covered Bridge in Charlotte, VT. Differential evolution (DE) was wrapped around an existing HEC-RAS model. The decision variables corresponded to floodplain access at locations up and downstream of the bridge; the objective function was constructed so that optimal solutions may be interpreted as relative salience of floodplain access to bridge scour. Multiple weightings of the objectives were used to verify that the rank-order of locations was robust. The optimal DE solutions for all weightings resulted in the same sensitivity ranking of locations, providing evidence that the analysis is not dependent on a particular choice of stakeholder objective weightings. Conclusions:For systems with spatially dependent variables that impact a constraint or objective of interest to stakeholders, a tool for identifying locations where that variable has a particularly strong or weak impact (e.g. where floodplain access is more or less important for bridge scour) has obvious advantages. This study demonstrates a method for conducting such a sensitivity analysis using a numerical optimization scheme. On the real test site, the sensitivity ranking was consistent across multiple stakeholder weightings, providing evidence that the technique is robust, and one that can be used at multiple stages of design. This work demonstrates the utility of a novel interpretation of optimization results in which locations are ranked according to the relative sensitivity of competing objectives.