HEV and HAV seroprevalence in men that have sex with men (MSM): An update from Milan, Italy

Greco, Letizia; Renteria, Sara Colonia Uceda; Guarneri, Davide; Orlandi, Alessia; Zoccoli, Antonella; Benardon, Susanna; Cusini, Marco; Lunghi, G.

doi:10.1002/jmv.25052

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The association of HEV seropositivity with age observed in our study has also been reported by others [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and may be explained not only by the cumulative lifetime exposure to HEV, but also by cohort effect, where certain population groups were more likely to be exposed to the virus during their life.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Infectionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Human HEV infection, investigated using seroprevalence studies, was found to be more prevalent in older ages [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], lower socio-economic status [21], poorer residence areas [9,[14][15], among sheltered homeless adults [22] or uneducated people [14], specific nationalities (for example, higher in mixed race donors and ethnic groups within China [12,15], or in immigrants from Afghanistan [14]), drinking water from wells or rivers [15], consumption of meat products [7,15,17,23] especially pork [24,25] and following blood transfusions [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in dromedary camels, Bedouins, Muslim Arabs and Jews in Israel, 2009–2017

et al. 2019

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging cause of viral hepatitis worldwide. Recently, HEV-7 has been shown to infect camels and humans. We studied HEV seroprevalence in dromedary camels and among Bedouins, Arabs (Muslims, none-Bedouins) and Jews and assessed factors associated with anti-HEV seropositivity. Serum samples from dromedary camels (n = 86) were used to determine camel anti-HEV IgG and HEV RNA positivity. Human samples collected between 2009 and 2016 from >20 years old Bedouins (n = 305), non-Bedouin Arabs (n = 320) and Jews (n = 195), were randomly selected using an age-stratified sampling design. Human HEV IgG levels were determined using Wantai IgG ELISA assay. Of the samples obtained from camels, 68.6% were anti-HEV positive. Among the human populations, Bedouins and non-Bedouin Arabs had a significantly higher prevalence of HEV antibodies (21.6% and 15.0%, respectively) compared with the Jewish population (3.1%). Seropositivity increased significantly with age in all human populations, reaching 47.6% and 34.8% among ⩾40 years old, in Bedouins and non-Bedouin Arabs, respectively. The high seropositivity in camels and in ⩾40 years old Bedouins and non-Bedouin Arabs suggests that HEV is endemic in Israel. The low HEV seroprevalence in Jews could be attributed to higher socio-economic status.

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Section: Epidemiology and Infectionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in dromedary camels, Bedouins, Muslim Arabs and Jews in Israel, 2009–2017

et al. 2019

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“…The recent worldwide outbreaks of acute hepatitis A disproportionately affecting MSM raise concerns about sexual transmission of HEV. A study conducted in Italy during 2015‐2017, when outbreaks of acute hepatitis A started to occur in several European countries, showed statistically significant higher seroprevalences of both HAV and HEV among MSM, and seroprevalences increased with HIV infection and syphilis . In contrast, the other study performed in the Netherlands during 2011‐2015 before the onset of acute hepatitis A outbreak demonstrated similar HEV seroprevalences between the high‐risk populations for sexually transmitted infections and the general population .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hepatitis E Virus Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Individuals During an Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis A in Taiwan

Lin

Sun

et al. 2019

Hepatology

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) share the similar fecal‐oral transmission route. During an outbreak of sexually transmitted acute hepatitis A among men who have sex with men (MSM) worldwide between 2015 and 2017, we investigated the possibility of sexual transmission and related morbidity of HEV infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients. From March 1, 2015 to August 31, 2017, anti‐HEV immunoglobulin G was retrospectively determined among 3,293 HIV‐positive patients, who were mainly MSM (87.6%) with a median CD4 count of 575 cells/μL. Prevalence and incidence of HEV infection were 3.7% (123 of 3,293) and 4.35 per 1,000 person‐years of follow‐up (PYFU), respectively, which were significantly lower compared with those of HAV infection (31.1% [996 of 3,204] and 12.61 per 1,000 PYFU, respectively). The number of patients with HEV infection did not increase with the hepatitis A epidemic. The factor associated with prevalent HEV infection was older age (per 1‐year increase, adjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.05‐1.09), but neither sexual orientation nor acquisition of sexually transmitted infections was related to prevalent or incident HEV infection. Among 23 patients with incident HEV infection, 22 patients had viremia caused by HEV genotype 4. No patients had prolonged HEV viremia or clinical symptoms, and only a mild elevation of serum aminotransferase, ranging from 34 to 77 IU/L, was noted. Although 4 patients had hepatitis for a prolonged duration of between 8 and 17 months, no abdominal imaging revealed liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Conclusion: HEV endemicity remained low among HIV‐positive patients in Taiwan during the outbreak of acute hepatitis A. Our data suggest that sexual transmission of HEV with significant morbidity of HEV infection, if any, is rare in this population.

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“…The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases has recently increased, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) . High number of seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis E virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been reported among MSM . Although there is no specific treatment for HAV, improved sanitation and food safety, as well as immunization, may reduce the frequency of transmission of HAV …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,17 High number of seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis E virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been reported among MSM. [18][19][20] Although there is no specific treatment for HAV, improved sanitation and food safety, as well as immunization, may reduce the frequency of transmission of HAV. 21 In this study, we compared the characteristics of patients diagnosed with AH (A) before and after 2001 in a hospital in Tokyo, Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of acute hepatitis A virus infection before and after 2001: A hospital‐based study in Tokyo, Japan

Kogiso

Sagawa

Oda

et al. 2019

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Background and Aim The incidence of acute hepatitis A [AH (A)] is decreasing because of improvements in hygiene; however, cases of sporadic severe hepatitis are still being reported. We assessed the epidemiology of AH (A) in Japan. Methods This was a hospital‐based retrospective study, in which 126 AH (A) patients (96 men [76%], median age 39 [range, 19–66] years) were enrolled. Patients diagnosed with AH (A) before 2001 (n = 79) and after 2001 (n = 47) were compared. Results The incidence of AH (A) showed peaks in 1990, 1999, and 2018. After 2001, one patient had hepatitis B virus, four had human immunodeficiency virus, and three had syphilis coinfections. Before and after 2001, HAV was transmitted, respectively, by raw oysters (28% and 26%), overseas travel (19% and 28%), and sexual contact (0% and 19%) (P < 0.01). The frequencies of symptoms were appetite loss (51% and 32%), fever (63% and 81%), and diarrhea (3% and 13%) (all P < 0.05), respectively. On admission, the median levels of alanine aminotransferase (1455 and 3069 U/L) and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (221 and 345 U/L) were significantly higher (P < 0.01), and the prothrombin time (77.5% and 65.9%) and platelet count (22.7 and 16.4 × 10/μL) were significantly lower after 2001 (P < 0.05). A time to normalization of the bilirubin level ≥ 30 days was associated with older age and a diagnosis of AH (A) after 2001. Conclusions Outbreaks and severe AH (A) cases due to sexual transmission have been reported recently. It is necessary to examine their sexual behavior and other sexual infection.

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HEV and HAV seroprevalence in men that have sex with men (MSM): An update from Milan, Italy

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in dromedary camels, Bedouins, Muslim Arabs and Jews in Israel, 2009–2017

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in dromedary camels, Bedouins, Muslim Arabs and Jews in Israel, 2009–2017

Hepatitis E Virus Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Individuals During an Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis A in Taiwan

Characteristics of acute hepatitis A virus infection before and after 2001: A hospital‐based study in Tokyo, Japan

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