HEVC Watermarking Techniques for Authentication and Copyright Applications: Challenges and Opportunities

Elrowayati, Ali A.; Alrshah, Mohamed A.; Abdullah, M. F. L.; Latip, Rohaya

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3004049

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Therefore, their use cases are limited from a global copyright perspective, which should cover all types of digital content. In addition, most watermarks fail to prove ownership and are vulnerable in this era of advanced editing technology [30], [31]. Secondly, storing worldwide media files in a centralized server requires a huge storage capacity, which is challenging and expensive.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Global Copyright System Based on Consortium Blockchain With Proof of Authority

Islam

2023

IEEE Access

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and participate in block creation by executing the energy-efficient proof of authority consensus algorithm. These countries are regarded as the authorities of the platform. They validate transactions conducted by users and store them in the blockchain. Anyone, either registered or unregistered, can investigate a copyrighted work, but only registered users can make transactions. A token-based payment method is also proposed for paying copyright charges (i.e., transaction fees) to authorities through the federation. A prototype of the system was implemented, and its performance was evaluated. This paper provides direction and guidance towards international copyright management.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Global Copyright System Based on Consortium Blockchain With Proof of Authority

Islam

2023

IEEE Access

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“…The first approaches were proposed to protect multimedia data. Among techniques for multimedia data, some has been specialized on copyright protection and tamper detection on video [38]- [40], audio [41], [42] and images [43], [44]. Later some approaches oriented to protect documents [45], [46] or textual content stored in relational databases [1], [47] emerged.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Multiple Occurrences of Meta-Mark Selection in Relational Data Watermarking

2022

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Contrary to multimedia data watermarking approaches, it is not recommended that relational data watermarking techniques consider sequential selection for marks in the watermark and embedding locations in the digital asset being protected. Indeed, considering the database relations' elements, i.e., tuple and attributes, when watermarking techniques are based on sequential processes, watermark detection can be easily compromised by performing subset reverse order attacks. As a result, attackers can obtain owner evidence-free high-quality data since no data modifications for mark removing are required for the malicious operation to succeed. A standard solution to this problem has been pseudo-random selection, which however often leads to choosing the same marks multiple times, ignoring others, thus compromising the embedding of the entire watermark. This work proposes an engine that contributes to control marks' recurrent selection, allowing marks excluded by previous approaches to be considered. The experiments performed show a dramatic improvement of the embedded watermark quality when the proposed engine is included in watermarking techniques' architecture. They also provide evidence that this proposal leads to higher resilience against common malicious operations such as subset and superset attacks.

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“…Hence, their use cases are limited from a global copyright perspective, which should cover all types of digital content. Moreover, most watermarks cannot be easily verified, fail to prove ownership, and are vulnerable in this era of advanced editing technology [29], [30]. In [31], the authors have designed smart contract-based digital license management system for 3D printing or additive manufacturing.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Global Copyright System Based on Consortium Blockchain with Proof-of-Authority

Islam¹,

In²

2021

Preprint

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Conventional copyright systems are governed nationally, and there is no global ledger to store copyright data. Because copyright laws differ across countries, it is difficult to provide cross-border copyright protection. The differences in national copyright laws, absence of a global copyright monitoring system with a central cloud that can store copyrighted content worldwide, and lack of transparency raise challenges in international copyright management. Copyright information is dispersed across various centralized databases, which are not incentivized to share. It is impossible to bring all centralized servers that store billions of copyright data under a synchronized platform. Due to the lack of a global copyright monitoring system through which people can investigate whether a work is copyrighted by searching copyright catalogs and records, copyrighted works are often downloaded from Google or social media unconsciously and shared with others freely, which may result in huge revenue losses to copyright holders.<div>In this paper, we propose a novel decentralized copyright system based on consortium blockchain, which ensures cross-border copyright protection of individuals’ digital content and solves existing challenges in international copyright management. The proposed system enables a synchronized platform to register and trade copyright globally without using a global cloud. Unlike conventional copyright systems, the proposed system does not require any centralized server to store copyrighted content. Instead, blockchain is used to store the metadata of copyrighted content. Individual countries receive membership from a copyright federation and participate in block creation by executing the energy-saving proof-of-authority consensus algorithm. These countries are regarded as the authorities of the platform and are responsible for proposing new blocks after validating transactions. Anyone, either registered or unregistered, can investigate a copyrighted work, but only registered users can make transactions. A token-based payment system is also proposed for paying copyright charges or transaction fees to the authorities through the federation. A prototype of the system was implemented, and its performance was evaluated. This paper provides direction and guidance towards international copyright management.</div>

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HEVC Watermarking Techniques for Authentication and Copyright Applications: Challenges and Opportunities

Cited by 18 publications

References 76 publications

Decentralized Global Copyright System Based on Consortium Blockchain With Proof of Authority

Decentralized Global Copyright System Based on Consortium Blockchain With Proof of Authority

Reducing Multiple Occurrences of Meta-Mark Selection in Relational Data Watermarking

Decentralized Global Copyright System Based on Consortium Blockchain with Proof-of-Authority

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