Hexachlorophene encephalopathy

Lampert, Peter W.; O’Brien, John S.; Garrett, Robert S.

doi:10.1007/bf00687462

Cited by 101 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although cerebral white matter was also affected in ducklings with isoniazid intoxication (20), vacuolation was much more extensive in the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord (21). No axonal degeneration or microglial reaction was found in triethyltin poisoning, but these changes were prominent after isoniazid (21) and hexachlorophene (22) intoxication, as in our animals. Purkinje cells were spared in isoniazid intoxication (20).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…In the experimental lesions, vacuolation has been attributed to an unusual form of cerebral edema causing accumulation of fluid within the myelin sheath by separation along the interperiod lines. These changes involved almost all the white matter of the brain in experimental triethyltin edema (19) and hexachlorophene encephalopathy (22). Although cerebral white matter was also affected in ducklings with isoniazid intoxication (20), vacuolation was much more extensive in the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurotoxicity of human eosinophils

Durack

Sumi

Klebanoff

1979

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

184

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Eosinophils contain a substance that is neurotoxic when injected intracerebrally or intrathecally into laboratory animals-an effect known as the "Gordon phenomenon." We found neurotoxic activity in eosinophils from three patients with eosinophilic syndromes by injecting cell preparations into rabbits and guinea pigs. These animals developed a syndrome of muscular rigidity and ataxia, progressing to severe paralysis. No

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotoxicity of human eosinophils

Durack

Sumi

Klebanoff

1979

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

184

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“…Myelin splitting may be caused by the toxic effects of substances of exogenous origin, as in experimental poisoning by hexachlorophene (Lampert et al, 1973;Towfighi, 1980), triethyl tin (Jacobs et al, 1977;Watanae, 1980), cuprizone (Suzuki and Kikkana, 1969), isonicotinic acid hydrazide (Lampert and Schochet, 1986), nitrobenzene (Morgan et al, 1985) and aniline (Okazaki et al, 2001), or by substances of endogenous origin, as in disorders of intermediary metabolism. In domestic animals, intoxications characterized by separation of myelin lamellae at the intraperiod line include those caused by overdosage with ammonia (Cho and Leipold, 1977) or copper (Morgan, 1973), ingestion of plants such as Stypandra imbricata (Huxtable et al, (1992) and Huxtable et al, 1980;Main et al, 1981) and Helichrysum argyrosphaerum (van der Lugt et al, 1996) or the fungus Stenocarpella maydis (= Diplodia maydis) (Kellerman et al, 1991 andKellerman et al, 1985;Prozesky et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelin Vacuolation, Optic Neuropathy and Retinal Degeneration after Closantel Overdosage in Sheep and in a Goat

Lugt¹,

Venter

2007

Journal of Comparative Pathology

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SummaryToxicity of closantel, a halogenated salicylanilide anthelmintic, is described in 11 sheep and a goat, humanely killed 4-70 days after accidental overdosage. Status spongiosis of the cerebrum and cerebellum was present, its severity decreasing with time after treatment. Ultrastructurally, vacuoles in the cerebral white matter were seen to be intramyelinic due to splitting of myelin lamellae at the intraperiod lines, indicating myelin oedema. In the optic nerves, Wallerian degeneration and eventual fibrosis and atrophy of the nerves followed myelin vacuolation. Lesions in the optic nerves were particularly advanced in the intracanalicular portion, indicating a compressive neuropathy within the optic canal. Acute retinal lesions consisted of papilloedema, necrosis of the outer retinal layers (especially the photoreceptor layer), and retinal separation in tapetal and non-tapetal areas. In more chronic cases, the outer nuclear layer was diffusely attenuated and generally reduced to a single row of cells.

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“…Electronmicrographs suggest that vacuolation is the result of separation of the outer lamellae of the myelin sheath which may be secondary to focal accumulation of fluid between the myelin layers. Oedematous changes in myelin have been demonstrated to play a major role in a number of neurotoxic injuries (Powell et al, 1980), including those associated with exposure to lead (Lampert & Schochet, 1968), isoniazid (Blakemore et al, 1972) and hexachlorophene (Lampert et al, 1973;Towfight et al, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of vigabatrin on evoked potentials in dogs.

Arezzo

Litwak

et al. 1989

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1 The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible changes in brain morphology and evoked potentials associated with daily administration of 300 mg kg-l vigabatrin in dogs. 2 Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and auditory evoked potentials (AEP) were recorded at baseline and weekly for 12 weeks of treatment and every 2 weeks for 17 weeks of recovery. Morphology was assessed immediately after treatment for two treated dogs and after recovery for the remaining five treated and two control dogs. 3 Vigabatrin produced a significant slowing of the central transmission measure of the SEP with no alteration in the AEP. Vigabatrin was associated with microvacuolation in select regions of the brain including the fornix, septum, optic tract, hypothalamus, thalamus and cortex. In addition, some microglial proliferation was noted. 4 Changes in SEP and the microvacuolation fully recovered after 17 weeks of treatment. 5 The study confirms vigabatrin-induced microvacuolation in the dog and suggests these changes are associated with functional slowing of conduction in the somatosensory pathways.

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Hexachlorophene encephalopathy

Cited by 101 publications

References 14 publications

Neurotoxicity of human eosinophils

Neurotoxicity of human eosinophils

Myelin Vacuolation, Optic Neuropathy and Retinal Degeneration after Closantel Overdosage in Sheep and in a Goat

Effects of vigabatrin on evoked potentials in dogs.

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