Hexagonal@Cubic CdS Core@Shell Nanorod Photocatalyst for Highly Active Production of H<sub>2</sub> with Unprecedented Stability

Li, Kui; Han, Min; Chen, Rong; Li, Shun-Li; Xie, Shuai-Lei; Mao, Chengyu; Bu, Xianhui; Cao, Xun; Dong, Long‐Zhang; Feng, Pingyun; Lan, Ya‐Qian

doi:10.1002/adma.201601047

Cited by 293 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This is accompanied by the release of Cd 2+ to the solution . The photocorrosion phenomenon can be avoided by using a sacrificial agent that effectively takes photogenerated holes away from the valence band of CdS; the best results have been obtained with Na 2 S and Na 2 SO 3 , for which stabilities of >100 h have been observed . g‐C 3 N 4 has attracted special attention in the last decade due to its visible light response and its high stability .…”

Section: Comparative Performance Of the Different Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive review and future perspectives on the photocatalytic hydrogen production

Corredor

Rivero

Rangel

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

173

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Hydrogen represents a renewable energy alternative that may positively contribute to get over the global energy crisis while at the same time reducing its environmental burden. Overcoming the challenge of reaching this potential could be helped by careful choice of hydrogen (H2) sources. Photocatalytic generation of H2, although a minor alternative, appears to be a very good option at the time that liquid wastes are being degraded; therefore, this approach has given rise to an increasing number of interesting studies. Here, we aim to provide an integrated overview of the different photocatalytic, heterogeneous, homogeneous and hybrid systems. First, we categorize the units and mechanisms that take part in the photocatalytic process, and secondly we analyze their role and draw comparative conclusions. Thus, we analyze the role of (i) the electron source to carry out proton reduction, (ii) the proton source, which can be free protons in the medium or a proton donor compound, (iii) the catalyst nature and concentration, and (iv) the photosensitizer nature and concentration. We also provide an analysis of the influence of the solvent, especially in homogenous systems as well as the influence of pH. We provide a comparison of the photocatalytic performance, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages, of different systems. Thus, this review is, on the one hand, an update on the state of the art of photocatalytic generation of H2 from a full perspective that integrates homogeneous, heterogeneous and hybrid systems, and, on the other, a source of useful information for future research. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Comparative Performance Of the Different Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive review and future perspectives on the photocatalytic hydrogen production

Corredor

Rivero

Rangel

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

173

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Noble metal free photocatalysts with efficient and sustainable H 2 production performance under visible light are desired. Though the bandgap of as‐prepared CdS is 2.34 eV, corresponding to green light, the quantum efficacy is very low owing to the unexpected photoinduced carrier recombination on surface defect centers and photocorrosion. Correspondingly, in our work, the H 2 production rate of CdS core–shell submicrospheres at M Cd:S =4:4, for example, is only 0.42 mmol h −1 g −1 under visible‐light irradiation (≥420 nm) with Na 2 S–Na 2 SO 3 solution as hole scavenger in the test system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐Pot Synthesis of Size‐Controllable Core–Shell CdS and Derived CdS@Zn_xCd_1−xS Structures for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Kai

Wang

2017

Chemistry A European J

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Chalcogenide micro/nanocomposite structures have been attracting worldwide attention due to prospective applications in photocatalytic hydrogen production. Well-defined micro/nanostructures with pronounced properties are of extraordinary importance. Herein, a facile one-pot method for the synthesis of monodisperse, size-controllable CdS core-shell and CdS@Zn Cd S core-double shell submicrospheres, which were engineered with respect to structure and size, is reported. CdS core-shell submicrospheres with different sizes were selectively prepared for the first time. The growth mechanism was investigated in detail by monitoring the time-dependent morphology of intermediates by TEM. By introduction of a zinc precursor in the synthetic system, CdS@Zn Cd S core-double shell submicrospheres were obtained by cation exchange of CdS with zinc ions, with a process of diffusion of CdS towards the outside and transformation of Zn Cd S crystallites. The H evolution rate over CdS@Cd Zn S (5.17 mmol h g ) is 12.3 times that of CdS core-shell structures (0.42 mmol h g ) under visible light, owing to the efficient charge separation, as demonstrated by electrochemical impedance and transient-state time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, CdS@Zn Cd S core-double shell structures exhibited excellent stability over 20 h of hydrogen production.

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“…The construction of the phase junction formed at the interface between two crystalline phases of a specific semiconductor is found to be useful in driving the spatial separation and transfer of the photogenerated electrons and holes under the function of the built-in electrical field, [16,17] which has been widely accepted to be validated in many semiconductor-based photocatalysts, such as typical TiO 2 , WO 3 , CdS, and ZnS. [18][19][20][21] Due to the fact that different crystalline phases of the specific semiconductor always possess distinguished thermodynamical properties, most of the heterophase junction formation is tuned through thermal-induced processes. [22] Taking TiO 2 as an example, anatase is kinetically stable at relatively low temperatures and the phase transforms from anatase to rutile generally occur over high temperatures or high pressures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐templated Constructing of Heterophase Junction into Hierarchical Porous Structure of Semiconductors for Promoting Photogenerated Charge Separation

Zhang

Liang

et al. 2020

ChemCatChem

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It is well‐known that photogenerated charge separation is the key and bottleneck step to determine the solar energy efficiency in photocatalysis. Although strategies for facilitating spatial charge separation of semiconductor‐based photocatalysts like heterojunctions, especially for heterophase junctions have been recognized as useful and adequate approaches, the original morphology‐tailored structures are always challenging to be maintained during the thermal‐induced phase transformation process. Herein, using a facile self‐templated method, we successfully fabricate heterophase junction into the well‐defined hierarchical porous structure of visible‐light‐responsive semiconductor, bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), without destroying the its unique hierarchical porous morphology. Such organic integration of heterophase junction and hierarchical porous structure are demonstrated to enable highly efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, resulting in a remarkable enhancement in photocatalytic activities. Our work showcases a general concept for developing artificial photocatalyst systems via integrating efficient charge separation path into the unique morphology‐tailoring of semiconductors for highly efficient solar energy conversion.

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Hexagonal@Cubic CdS Core@Shell Nanorod Photocatalyst for Highly Active Production of H₂ with Unprecedented Stability

Cited by 293 publications

References 37 publications

Comprehensive review and future perspectives on the photocatalytic hydrogen production

Comprehensive review and future perspectives on the photocatalytic hydrogen production

One‐Pot Synthesis of Size‐Controllable Core–Shell CdS and Derived CdS@Zn_xCd_1−xS Structures for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Self‐templated Constructing of Heterophase Junction into Hierarchical Porous Structure of Semiconductors for Promoting Photogenerated Charge Separation

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Hexagonal@Cubic CdS Core@Shell Nanorod Photocatalyst for Highly Active Production of H2 with Unprecedented Stability

Cited by 293 publications

References 37 publications

Comprehensive review and future perspectives on the photocatalytic hydrogen production

Comprehensive review and future perspectives on the photocatalytic hydrogen production

One‐Pot Synthesis of Size‐Controllable Core–Shell CdS and Derived CdS@ZnxCd1−xS Structures for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Self‐templated Constructing of Heterophase Junction into Hierarchical Porous Structure of Semiconductors for Promoting Photogenerated Charge Separation

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Hexagonal@Cubic CdS Core@Shell Nanorod Photocatalyst for Highly Active Production of H₂ with Unprecedented Stability

One‐Pot Synthesis of Size‐Controllable Core–Shell CdS and Derived CdS@Zn_xCd_1−xS Structures for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production