“…Enzymes promote various chemical reactions through folding into three-dimensional ordered structures, by acting specifically with reactants, giving a high efficiency and selectivity. l -Proline was regarded as the simplest aldolase. − It has been studied in many chemical reactions, for instance, intermolecular aldol reactions, Michael addition reactions, Diels–Alder reactions, and others. − Aldol condensation is a kind of crucial C–C bond formation reaction, increasing the diversity and complexity of the molecules, and is applied in processing industry widely. l -Proline is a highly efficient catalyst for aldol reactions in organic solvents, while it is a poor catalyst in water. , However, in view of the environment, safety, and cost, carrying out aldol reactions in aqueous solutions with both high conversion and stereoselectivity is highly desired. , …”