HEXITEC ASIC—a pixellated readout chip for CZT detectors

Jones, Laurence; Seller, P.; Wilson, Matthew D.; Hardie, A.L.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2009.01.046

Cited by 97 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The results reported here assess both imaging and spectroscopic performance capabilities for two detectors with 55 µm and 110 µm pixel pitches. There are several alternative developments using similar hybrid pixel detector technology, which are being investigated, PILA-TUS [2], XPAD [3] and HEXITEC [4]. These all have their own advantages and disadvantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging and spectroscopic performance studies of pixellated CdTe Timepix detector

et al. 2012

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To cite this article: D Maneuski et al 2012 JINST 7 C01038 View the article online for updates and enhancements. Related contentDepth of interaction and bias voltage depenence of the spectral response in a pixellated CdTe detector operating in timeover-threshold mode subjected to monochromatic X-rays E Fröjdh, C Fröjdh, E N Gimenez et al. ABSTRACT: In this work the results on imaging and spectroscopic performances of 14 × 14 × 1 mm CdTe detectors with 55 × 55 µm and 110 × 110 µm pixel pitch bump-bonded to a Timepix chip are presented. The performance of the 110 × 110 µm pixel detector was evaluated at the extreme conditions beam line I15 of the Diamond Light Source. The energy of X-rays was set between 25 and 77 keV. The beam was collimated through the edge slits to 20 µm FWHM incident in the middle of the pixel. The detector was operated in the time-over-threshold mode, allowing direct energy measurement. Energy in the neighbouring pixels was summed for spectra reconstruction. Energy resolution at 77 keV was found to be ∆E/E = 3.9%.Comparative imaging and energy resolution studies were carried out between two pixel size detectors with a fluorescence target X-ray tube and radioactive sources. The 110×110 µm pixel detector exhibited systematically better energy resolution in comparison to 55 × 55 µm. An imaging performance of 55 × 55 µm pixellated CdTe detector was assessed using the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) technique and compared to the larger pixel. A considerable degradation in MTF was observed for bias voltages below −300 V. Significant room for improvement of the detector performance was identified both for imaging and spectroscopy and is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging and spectroscopic performance studies of pixellated CdTe Timepix detector

et al. 2012

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“…The detector used was a 20x20 pixel Cadmium Zinc Telluride (Redlen) with 250x250 m 2 pixels, for a total active area of 0.5x0.5 cm 2 and equipped with custom readout electronics [7]. The detector was read out at a rate of 21000 frames per second.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

K-edge subtraction imaging using a pixellated energy-resolving detector

et al. 2011

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This paper presents preliminary work aimed at assessing the feasibility of K-edge subtraction imaging using the spectroscopic information provided by a pixellated energy-resolving Cadmium Zinc Telluride detector, having an active area of 20x20 pixels 250 m in size. Images of a test object containing different amounts of Iodine-based contrast agent were formed above and below the K-edge of Iodine (33.2 keV) by integrating, pixel by pixel, different windows of the spectrum. The results show that the optimum integration window for details 1-2 mm in diameter is between 2 keV and 5 keV. Concentrations of down to 50 g Iodine/ml were detected in a 1-mm diameter tube with an entrance dose of 100Gy.

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“…In Medipix3, it is also possible to do spectroscopic imaging by binning photon hits into a series of energy ranges. The hybrid pixel structure allows fast readout, and with other readout chip designs it is possible to have fast integrating detectors with extremely high dynamic range [3], spectroscopic detectors with a high number of channels [4] and detectors that provide a combination of time, position and energy resolution [5].…”

Section: Hybrid Pixel Technology and Germaniummentioning

confidence: 99%

A germanium hybrid pixel detector with 55μm pixel size and 65,000 channels

Pennicard¹,

Struth²,

Hirsemann³

et al. 2014

J. Inst.

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Hybrid pixel semiconductor detectors provide high performance through a combination of direct detection, a relatively small pixel size, fast readout and sophisticated signal processing circuitry in each pixel. For X-ray detection above 20 keV, high-Z sensor layers rather than silicon are needed to achieve high quantum efficiency, but many high-Z materials such as GaAs and CdTe often suffer from poor material properties or nonuniformities. Germanium is available in large wafers of extremely high quality, making it an appealing option for high-performance hybrid pixel X-ray detectors, but suitable technologies for finely pixelating and bump-bonding germanium have not previously been available.A finely-pixelated germanium photodiode sensor with a 256 by 256 array of 55 µm pixels has been produced. The sensor has an n-on-p structure, with 700 µm thickness. Using a low-temperature indium bump process, this sensor has been bonded to the Medipix3RX photoncounting readout chip. Tests with the LAMBDA readout system have shown that the detector works successfully, with a high bond yield and higher image uniformity than comparable high-Z systems. During cooling, the system is functional around -80 • C (with warmer temperatures resulting in excessive leakage current), with -100 • C sufficient for good performance.

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HEXITEC ASIC—a pixellated readout chip for CZT detectors

Cited by 97 publications

References 3 publications

Imaging and spectroscopic performance studies of pixellated CdTe Timepix detector

Imaging and spectroscopic performance studies of pixellated CdTe Timepix detector

K-edge subtraction imaging using a pixellated energy-resolving detector

A germanium hybrid pixel detector with 55μm pixel size and 65,000 channels

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