Hey, watch where you’re going! An on-road study of driver scanning failures towards pedestrians and cyclists

Kaya, Nazli; Girgis, Joelle; Hansma, Braden Joseph; Donmez, Birsen

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2021.106380

Cited by 18 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In the same spirit as Furuya et al [81], we present an anthropomorphic eHMI concept where a VHC-male or female, displayed at the center of the windshield-engages in eye contact with the pedestrian to communicate acknowledgement. Typical driver eyescanning behaviour in traffic consists of saccades, i.e., rapid eye movements that facilitate the detection of entities of interest in the environment, such as pedestrians; fixations, i.e., a focused gaze on an identified entity of interest; and smooth pursuit, i.e., maintaining a focused gaze in the event of a moving entity of interest [82][83][84]. A direct gaze is a highly salient social stimulus [85,86] that captures attention [87,88] and activates self-referential processing, i.e., the belief that one has become the focus of another's attention [89,90].…”

Section: Proposed Ehmi Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghost on the Windshield: Employing a Virtual Human Character to Communicate Pedestrian Acknowledgement and Vehicle Intention

Rouchitsas

Alm

2022

Information

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Pedestrians base their street-crossing decisions on vehicle-centric as well as driver-centric cues. In the future, however, drivers of autonomous vehicles will be preoccupied with non-driving related activities and will thus be unable to provide pedestrians with relevant communicative cues. External human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) hold promise for filling the expected communication gap by providing information about a vehicle’s situational awareness and intention. In this paper, we present an eHMI concept that employs a virtual human character (VHC) to communicate pedestrian acknowledgement and vehicle intention (non-yielding; cruising; yielding). Pedestrian acknowledgement is communicated via gaze direction while vehicle intention is communicated via facial expression. The effectiveness of the proposed anthropomorphic eHMI concept was evaluated in the context of a monitor-based laboratory experiment where the participants performed a crossing intention task (self-paced, two-alternative forced choice) and their accuracy in making appropriate street-crossing decisions was measured. In each trial, they were first presented with a 3D animated sequence of a VHC (male; female) that either looked directly at them or clearly to their right while producing either an emotional (smile; angry expression; surprised expression), a conversational (nod; head shake), or a neutral (neutral expression; cheek puff) facial expression. Then, the participants were asked to imagine they were pedestrians intending to cross a one-way street at a random uncontrolled location when they saw an autonomous vehicle equipped with the eHMI approaching from the right and indicate via mouse click whether they would cross the street in front of the oncoming vehicle or not. An implementation of the proposed concept where non-yielding intention is communicated via the VHC producing either an angry expression, a surprised expression, or a head shake; cruising intention is communicated via the VHC puffing its cheeks; and yielding intention is communicated via the VHC nodding, was shown to be highly effective in ensuring the safety of a single pedestrian or even two co-located pedestrians without compromising traffic flow in either case. The implications for the development of intuitive, culture-transcending eHMIs that can support multiple pedestrians in parallel are discussed.

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Section: Proposed Ehmi Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghost on the Windshield: Employing a Virtual Human Character to Communicate Pedestrian Acknowledgement and Vehicle Intention

Rouchitsas

Alm

2022

Information

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“…This element can be aggravated if bicycle users do not use the necessary protective systems such as helmets or relevant equipment. In addition, cyclists may be less visible to drivers, especially in low light or adverse weather conditions [10].…”

Section: Young Cyclists As a Vulnerable Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting (Safe) Young-User Cycling in Russian Cities: Relationships among Riders’ Features, Cycling Behaviors and Safety-Related Incidents

Useche,

Alonso,

Boyko

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Background: Promoting cycling, walking and other ‘active’ transportation means continues to be a shared guideline in urban planning, closely aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. Nonetheless, young cyclists’ safety figures and their potential contributors, including behavioral issues, remain an ongoing concern for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. Aim: This study aimed to analyze both risky and protective riding patterns of young Russian cyclists in relation to cycling safety factors using the Cycling Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ). Methods: This study used the data provided by 374 young Russian cyclists, aged M = 21.6 (SD = 4.8) years, who responded to an electronic survey on cycling behavior and safety outcomes. Results: Beyond demographic characteristics, the key road rule knowledge and risk perception of young cyclists were significantly associated with their self-reported cycling behaviors. Although both traffic violations and riding errors were negatively correlated with safety incidents, predictive analyses show that errors (though not violations) play a predictive role in young cyclists’ safety-related incidents. Conversely, positive cycling behaviors have been shown to be significant reducers of riding crash likelihood. Conclusion: The results of this study support the idea that addressing key issues such as risk perception, road rule knowledge and protective riding habits, while also targeting risky behaviors on the road, could enhance cycling safety outcomes. Additionally, these findings offer valuable insights into understanding the factors contributing to riding risks and crashes among young cyclists, particularly in the context of the increasing need to promote safer and more sustainable urban mobility in a country with a still young cycling culture.

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Enhancing mutual understanding of e-scooter user’s perspective in overtaking maneuver through replaying own driving trajectory

Oh,

Lim,

Tamakloe

et al. 2024

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Hey, watch where you’re going! An on-road study of driver scanning failures towards pedestrians and cyclists

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Ghost on the Windshield: Employing a Virtual Human Character to Communicate Pedestrian Acknowledgement and Vehicle Intention

Ghost on the Windshield: Employing a Virtual Human Character to Communicate Pedestrian Acknowledgement and Vehicle Intention

Promoting (Safe) Young-User Cycling in Russian Cities: Relationships among Riders’ Features, Cycling Behaviors and Safety-Related Incidents

Enhancing mutual understanding of e-scooter user’s perspective in overtaking maneuver through replaying own driving trajectory

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