Hg(II) extraction by LIX 34. Mercury removal from sludge

Selective removal of mercury as HgCl42− from natural gas well produced water by TOA via HFSLM

“…HgCl 4 2− ions in feed solution were reacted with the extractant (TOA, shown as R 3 N) to form complex species as shown in Eq. (1): [24] Industrial wastewater Pb(II), Hg(II), Cu(II), etc -Ion exchange Oehmen et al [25] Synthetic water As(III), As(V), Hg(II) -Ion exchange Starvin and Prasada Rao [26] Synthetic water, hazardous brine sludge effluent Hg(II) TAN SPE Duan et al [27] City lake and deep well waters Hg(II) Cyanex 923 SPE Meera et al [30] Synthetic water Hg(II) Cyanex 923 LM Fabrega et al [31] Synthetic water Hg(II) Aliquat 336 LM Huebra et al [32] Wastewater Hg(II), Fe(III), etc LIX 34 LM Francis et al [33] Industrial wastewater Hg(II) Cyanex 471X LM Jabbari et al [34] Synthetic water Hg(II), Ca(II), Fe(III), etc DC18C6 LM Fontas et al [13] Synthetic water, sea water Hg(II), Cd(II), Pb(II) N-benzoyl-N ,N -diheptadecylthiourea HFSLM Sangtumrong et al [35] Synthetic water Hg(II), As(III) TOA HFSLM Uedee et al [36] Synthetic The mercury complex species diffused to the opposite side of the liquid membrane by the concentration gradient and reacted with the stripping solution, NaOH, to strip HgCl 4 2− ions into the stripping phase as shown in Eq. (2):…”

“…Apart from liquid membrane to remove mercury, ion exchange [23][24][25], solid phase extraction [26,27], chemical precipitation [28,29] were studied. In LM and HFSLM systems, several extractants such as Cyanex 923 [26,30], N-benzoyl-N ,N -diheptadecylthiourea [13], Aliquat 336 [31], LIX 34 [32], Cyanex 471X [33] Dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) [34] and TOA [35,36] were investigated. Details of feeds, types of extractants and extracted ions were listed in Table 1.…”

Adsorption of Hg2+ from aqueous solution onto polyacrylamide/attapulgite

“…It is also well known that Hg 2+ has a very high tendency to bind to proteins, mainly causing damage to the renal and nervous systems [2]. In order to monitor and prevent Hg 2+ pollution, a number of different technologies, such as precipitation [3,4], biosorption [5], membrane filtration [6], ionic exchange [7] and solvent extraction [8], have been used for the sequestering of Hg 2+ from wastewater. However, these techniques are associated with problems such as excessive time requirements, high costs, inefficiency, and energy use.…”

Characterization of oily sludge from a wastewater treatment plant flocculation-flotation unit in a petroleum refinery and its treatment implications

“…Chemical treatment to remove mercury from sludge has been studied, but it is not common in the petroleum industry. 38,39 The mean concentration values for all metals exceeded the threshold limits set by one or more EU or Swedish regulations. Mercury had the most seriously high values: even the lowest concentration measured was above the threshold limits of all EU and Swedish regulations.…”