HGF is released from buccal fibroblasts after smokeless tobacco stimulation

Evaluation of Myofibroblasts By Expression of Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin: A Marker in Fibrosis, Dysplasia and Carcinoma

“…It is also essential for healing, but its overproduction leads to scar tissue and fibrosis [25]. TGF-β induces the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and it promotes survival of myofibroblasts by providing protection against apoptosis by inhibiting iNOS ( Nitrous oxide synthetase) induction and reducing BCL-2 expression [26]. The incidence of myofibroblasts in the cases of OSMF in this study, suggested that OSMF could be considered as a failed wound healing process of the oral mucosa, caused by chronic injury, which could lead to scarring and fibrosis [27].…”

Evaluation of In vitro Assays for Assessing the Toxicity of Cigarette Smoke and Smokeless Tobacco

“…The extract is then filtered to remove the undissolved materials. Typically the ST is extracted with water (102–104), cell culture media (105–108,108–116), or a buffer such as HANKS-balanced salt solutions (117,118), PBS (119–121), or saline (122). Artificial saliva also is sometimes used (123).…”

Evaluation of myofibroblasts in oral submucous fibrosis: correlation with disease severity

“…The increased incidence of myofibroblasts in this study could suggest that OSMF actually represents a failed wound‐healing process of the oral mucosa after chronic sustained injury resulting in scarring and fibrosis. This could be in response to the hypersensitivity caused by arecoline, and the resultant persistent juxtra‐epithelial inflammatory response in OSMF, which acts as an initiating factor leading to a defective inflammatory response and activation of fibroblasts (18) culminating in fibrosis. Furthermore, the progressive increase in the myofibroblast in various stages of OSMF in our study could implicate its plausible use as a marker for evaluating the disease severity.…”