HHV-8 Primary Infection with Kaposi Sarcoma in a Pediatric Liver Transplant Patient

Malla, Ivone; Cheang, Yu; Perez, C.; Giacove, Gisela; Pedreira, Alejandra; Silva, M.

doi:10.1097/00007890-201211271-01141

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“…Kaposi sarcoma in pediatric liver transplant recipients is a rare entity and can have a dismal prognosis 9,10 . There are few reports of KS in pediatric patients after liver transplantation, and our literature search revealed 10 studies with a total of 22 cases 3,4,10–16 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 There are few reports of KS in pediatric patients after liver transplantation, and our literature search revealed 10 studies with a total of 22 cases. 3,4,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In contrast to adults, pediatric patients are more likely to have visceral manifestations of KS than the mucocutaneous disease. 17 As we can see in the described cases, KS after LT may present with cytopenia and generalized lymphadenopathies without mucocutaneous manifestations, thus mimicking PTLD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kaposi sarcoma in three pediatric liver transplantation recipients

Cordeiro

Ferreira

Nobre

et al. 2023

Pediatric Transplantation

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Background Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an endothelial cell tumor, rare in children. It is 200 times more frequent after solid organ transplantation than in the general population. Methods We report three cases of pediatric patients who developed KS after liver transplantation (LT). Results Case 1, a 4‐year‐old boy undergoing LT due to familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Five months after LT, he presented with fever, dyspnea, and cough with enlarged lymph nodes and splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, and positive EBV viral load. Lymph node biopsy diagnosed KS with an elevated HHV8 viral load. Case 2, a 4‐year‐old boy who underwent LT due to secondary biliary cirrhosis resulting from extrahepatic biliary atresia. Two years later, graft dysfunction was noticed with positive EBV viral load, thrombocytopenia, massive cervical lymph node enlargement, and splenomegaly. Lymph node biopsy diagnosed KS, Castleman's disease, and plasmablastic lymphoma related to HHV8 infection. Case 3, a 15‐month‐old girl, who received two LT due to biliary cirrhosis. Six months later, she presented with diarrhea, abdominal distension, anemia, thrombocytopenia, enlarged lymph nodes, splenomegaly, and positive CMV viral load. Axillary lymph node biopsy diagnosed KS and HHV8 infection was confirmed. In all three cases, tacrolimus was discontinued and, after diagnosis, sirolimus was started. All recovered without relapse and have a good graft function. Conclusions Kaposi sarcoma is a rare disease post‐LT in children. Recognizing keywords and early diagnosis is crucial for timely treatment and survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%