Hidden Externalities: The Globalization of Hazardous Waste

Müller, Simone

doi:10.1017/s0007680519000357

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…From this perspective, the transboundary movement of waste is unethical, viewed as exploiting the poor and the most vulnerable, and thus exacerbates inequalities ( Little and Lucier, 2017 ; Orlins and Guan, 2016b). It is portrayed as harm inflicted by one society on another, a case of social injustice and toxic colonialism ( Lipman, 2015 ; Lucier and Gareau, 2016 ; Müller, 2019 ). Apart from social injustice, transboundary waste flows are linked to environmental injustice and environmental racism ( Clapp, 2001 ; Iles, 2006 ; Klenovšek et al, 2011 ; Lipman, 2006 , 2015 ; Pellow, 2008 ; Sakai et al, 2011 ; Temper et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a quantitative model, Favarin and Aziani (2020 : 372) confirmed their hypothesis that ‘countries sharing a colonial relationship are more likely to exchange illicit waste’. This binary is motivated to showcase disregard for equity, fairness and distributive justice in the phenomenon of the transboundary waste movement and is characterised by toxic colonialism, garbage imperialism and environmental racism ( Brownell, 2011 ; Lipman, 2015 ; Müller, 2019 ; Okafor-Yarwood and Adewumi, 2020 ).…”

Section: Analysis and Discussion: Transboundary Waste Binariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transboundary movement of waste review: From binary towards a contextual framing

et al. 2022

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Multiple cases of toxic waste dumping from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries to non-OECD countries in the 1980s led to scholarly attention to transboundary waste movements. The Basel Convention was established to provide an international legal framework to tackle such problems in the early 1990s, focusing on hazardous waste. However, the transboundary movement of all waste, not just hazardous waste, remains a societal challenge globally, frequently surfacing as an ethical question on the one hand and a story of resource management/trade on the other. This phenomenon has been studied across disciplines resulting in diverse, scattered and often contested understandings. Despite previous and ongoing efforts, waste production, management and transboundary movements are increasing and are predicted to grow significantly with global social, environmental and economic implications. This literature review uses a research synthesis and problematisation approach to critically analyse the transboundary waste literature since 1985. The findings highlight research trends, the need for data reliability and policy coherence, and the sustainability implications of the phenomenon. One recurring theme in the literature is the reduction of the complex phenomenon involving multiple countries, policies, actors and waste streams into simple opposite narratives, which we called transboundary waste binaries. We have identified and then challenged assumptions behind transboundary waste binaries and discussed the implications of such assumptions on the broader discourse. We have concluded with future research recommendations to look past the transboundary waste binaries towards a nuanced and contextual understanding of transboundary waste flows.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis and Discussion: Transboundary Waste Binariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transboundary movement of waste review: From binary towards a contextual framing

et al. 2022

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“…International efforts to level the playing field by limiting the advantages of global enterprises are essential. Tax evasion by large enterprises and the failure of the global system in internalising the environmental and social externalities of globalised production and consumption are important examples of how local enterprises face an uneven playing field and uphill battle when competing (Morgan, 2016; Müller, 2019; West, 2018). Addressing these problems is imperative.…”

Section: A New Role For Entrepreneurshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and the importance of space in entrepreneurship research and policy

Korsgaard

Hunt²,

Townsend

et al. 2020

International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurs

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Given the COVID-19 crisis, the importance of space in the global economic system has emerged as critical in a hitherto unprecedented way. Even as large-scale, globally operating digital platform enterprises find new ways to thrive in the midst of a crisis, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) nestled in local economies have proven to be fragile to shocks, causing countless local economies to unravel in the face of severe challenges to survival. Here, we discuss the role of entrepreneurship in re-building local economies that are more resilient. Specifically, we take a spatial perspective and highlight how the COVID-19 crisis has uncovered problems in the current tendency for thin contextualisation and promotion of globalisation. Based on this critique, we outline new perspectives for thinking about the relationship between entrepreneurship, resilience and local economies. Here, a particular emphasis is given to resilience building through deeply contextualised policies and research, localised flows of products and labour, and the diversification of local economies.

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“…The 220 tonnes of expired pesticides were initially stored in an open-air shed on a state-owned hay farm. Like countless other cases of toxic waste dumping at the time, there were no legal mechanisms for regulating the transboundary movement of hazardous materials (see Müller, 2019). This was unjust but not illegal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic sights: The spectacle of hazardous waste removal

Balayannis

2020

Environ Plan D

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This paper examines the geographies of hazardous waste removal. Over the past decade, studies of disposal have demonstrated the myriad ways in which things can never disappear – they can only be transformed, transmuted, combusted, combined or any other manner of material change. This paper aims to develop understandings of the material politics of disposal by considering the matter of representation. It does this ethnographically, by following a chemical stockpile though the process of removal from its storage site in Tanzania. In examining everyday disposal practices, this paper highlights the materialities of hazardous waste in ways that have been epistemologically side-lined. Locating the analysis at the intersection of matter and representation, the paper illustrates the centrality of paper-work, diagrams, photographs and standard operating procedures in performing removal. It argues that removal is achieved through a bureaucratic spectacle; a process which obscures lingering residues and compounds their toxic effects. By attending to chemicals through the mundane work of removal, this paper opens up different lines of inquiry for studies of waste, and enriches understandings of materiality by considering how visual representations make a difference.

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Hidden Externalities: The Globalization of Hazardous Waste

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Transboundary movement of waste review: From binary towards a contextual framing

Transboundary movement of waste review: From binary towards a contextual framing

COVID-19 and the importance of space in entrepreneurship research and policy

Toxic sights: The spectacle of hazardous waste removal

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