Hidden failures in protection systems and their impact on wide-area disturbances

Elizondo, David; Ree, Jaime De La; Phadke, A.G.; Horowitz, Stanley H.

doi:10.1109/pesw.2001.916941

Cited by 61 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…during switching, are not hidden failures. Figure 1 presents a comparison of a hidden failure and a non-hidden failure for a three zone step distance relay that was presented in [26]. A failure of the contacts of T 3 that causes them to be permanently closed will create a hidden failure.…”

Section: Hidden Failuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible hidden failures include: relay contacts that are always open or closed, timers that operate instantaneously regardless of the set delay, outdated settings, settings that are unsuitable for the prevailing conditions, and human error in relay coordination [26].…”

Section: Hidden Failuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design of any protection scheme will directly influence the likelihood of it experiencing hidden failures [26]. The nature of wide area protection schemes may mean that their region of vulnerability could be significantly larger than those seen for existing protection.…”

Section: Hidden Failuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 1 Example of a hidden failure (HF) and a non-hidden failure (NHF) for a three zone step distance relay-repeated from [26] Improving the performance of power system protection using wide area monitoring systems 323…”

Section: Hidden Failuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the performance of power system protection using wide area monitoring systems

Phadke

Wall

Ding

et al. 2016

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

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Wide area monitoring (WAM) offers many opportunities to improve the performance of power system protection. This paper presents some of these opportunities and the motivation for their development. This methods include monitoring the suitability of relay characteristics, supervisory control of backup protection, more adaptive and intelligent system protection and the creation of novel system integrity protection scheme. The speed of response required for primary protection means that the role WAM in enhancing protection is limited to backup and system protection. The opportunities offered by WAM for enhancing protection are attractive because of the emerging challenges faced by the modern power system protection. The increasingly variable operating conditions of power systems are making it ever more difficult to select relay characteristics that will be a suitable compromise for all loading conditions and contingencies. The maloperation of relays has contributed to the inception and evolution of 70 % of blackouts, thus the supervision of the backup protection may prove a valuable tool for preventing or limiting the scale of blackouts. The increasing interconnection and complexity of modern power systems has made them more vulnerable to wide area disturbances and this has contributed to several recent blackouts. The proper management of these wide area disturbances is beyond the scope of most of the existing protection and new, adaptive system integrity protection schemes are needed to protect power system security.

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Section: Hidden Failuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hidden Failuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hidden Failuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hidden Failuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improving the performance of power system protection using wide area monitoring systems

Phadke

Wall

Ding

et al. 2016

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

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“…A technique to catalog and analyze the possible hidden failures in the protection systems of a power network is presented in [39]. This technique would help reduce the likelihood of protection system hidden failures contributing to wide-area disturbances [39].…”

Section: Special Protection Systems and Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Power Infrastructure Defense

et al. 2005

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Analysis, control, and economic impact assessment of major blackout events

Yamashita

Joo

et al. 2008

Int Trans Elec Energy Syst

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SUMMARYRecent large-scale blackouts in North America, Europe, and other countries raised great concerns over the reliability of our electric energy infrastructure and the economic impacts of blackouts. These blackouts were caused by a cascading sequence of events involving line outages, overloading of other lines, malfunctions of protection systems, power oscillations and voltage problems, and system separation and collapse. In this paper, common characteristics of blackouts are identified by analyzing the cascaded events of the blackouts. It is important to take appropriate control actions to alleviate overload and emergency conditions in a power system in order to avoid catastrophic power outages. This paper discusses available control procedures and emergency control systems needed to help prevent catastrophic outages. Economic losses from these blackouts in the U.S., Europe, and other countries were significant. An evaluation of the economic costs of blackouts can be used to estimate the benefits of emergency control systems that can be installed to prevent blackouts. This paper provides an overview of the assessment methods and procedures for evaluation of the economic costs of blackouts. This paper also describes the generic procedure of an event study to measure the economic impact of blackouts on the values of the firms in financial markets.

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Hidden failures in protection systems and their impact on wide-area disturbances

Cited by 61 publications

References 1 publication

Improving the performance of power system protection using wide area monitoring systems

Improving the performance of power system protection using wide area monitoring systems

Strategic Power Infrastructure Defense

Analysis, control, and economic impact assessment of major blackout events

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