Hidden species diversity in an iconic living fossil vertebrate

Brownstein, Chase Doran; Kim, Daemin; Orr, Oliver D.; Hogue, Gabriela M.; Tracy, Bryn H.; Pugh, M. Worth; Singer, Randal A.; Myles-McBurney, Chelsea; Mollish, Jon Michael; Simmons, Jeffrey W.; David, Solomon R.; Watkins‐Colwell, Gregory J.; Hoffman, Eva A.; Near, Thomas J.

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2022.0395

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Sample collection.— According to recent work, the species of Amia in Oneida Lake, New York we studied is properly referred to as A. ocellicauda (Brownstein et al, 2022; Wright et al, 2022). We genotyped guarding males and a sample of their fry (or in one case, eggs) from nests of A. ocellicauda in Big Bay Creek, at the northwest end of Oneida Lake, New York.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spawning Behavior in a Non-Teleost Actinopterygian: Genetic Evidence for Both Monogamy and Polygamy in Amia

McCune,

Bogdanowicz,

Buston

et al. 2023

Ichthyology & Herpetology

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The bowfins, Amia, have been regarded as regarded as promiscuous or polygynous spawners, although this has not been directly observed. Species of Amia spawn largely at night in male-constructed and male-guarded nests, making it difficult to view spawning behavior. Furthermore, in many species, field observations of spawning behavior do not always match genetic observations. To investigate the mating system of Amia, we collected fin tissue from guarding males and a sample of associated eggs or fry from 15 broods to assess the number of parents involved in each brood. Using these tissues, we genotyped individuals at 11 microsatellite DNA loci. The genotype of the male was known; we inferred the genotype of the primary female by subtraction, using the most abundant fry genotypes and the known male genotype. We inferred polygamy (presence of multiple fathers or multiple mothers) in cases where there was more than a single fry at a single locus for which the genotype could not be explained by primary parental genotypes. Among sampled broods, seven contained offspring of a single male-female pair. Fry from eight broods show evidence of polygamy: in one brood, there was evidence of an extra-pair male; in five broods, there was evidence of at least one additional female, and in two of these five broods, there was also involvement by at least one additional male; in two broods, it could not be determined whether the additional parent was male or female. Thus, nearly half of our sampled broods were both behaviorally and genetically monogamous, while other broods were genetically polygamous. It has been suggested previously that female bowfin may spawn with more than one male, but there are no behavioral observations to support this claim and our genetic data cannot discern whether females are spawning in more than one nest. We conclude that Amia is behaviorally monogamous and weakly genetically polygynous. With respect to the evolution of mating systems of fishes, it is interesting that Amia, representing a member of the Holostei or the sister group to teleosts, is behaviorally monogamous, albeit with opportunistic participation in spawning by either extra males or extra females or both. A review of the literature on spawning behavior of non-teleostean ray-finned fishes suggests that additional behavioral and genetic studies of these fascinating taxa are warranted.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spawning Behavior in a Non-Teleost Actinopterygian: Genetic Evidence for Both Monogamy and Polygamy in Amia

McCune,

Bogdanowicz,

Buston

et al. 2023

Ichthyology & Herpetology

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“…R. Soc. B 378: 20220139 species in the order Amiiformes, but in 2022 it was divided into two species [110]. Males build large bowl-shaped nests under logs, stumps or bushes, by removing plants, shoots and roots [111][112][113].…”

Section: (C) Bowls: Depressions In the Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bowfin, Amia calva , is the only nest-building ray-finned fish that is not a teleost. It was long considered to be the only species in the order Amiiformes, but in 2022 it was divided into two species [ 110 ]. Males build large bowl-shaped nests under logs, stumps or bushes, by removing plants, shoots and roots [ 111 – 113 ].…”

Section: Nest Types and Nest Building Relevant For Sexual Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How sexual and natural selection interact and shape the evolution of nests and nesting behaviour in fishes

Svensson

Kvarnemo

2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Among ray-finned fishes that provide parental care, many spawn in constructed nests, ranging from bowls, burrows and ridges to nests made of algae or bubbles. Because a nest by definition is a construction that enhances the nest-builder's fitness by helping it meet the needs of the developing offspring, nest-building behaviour is naturally selected, as is a preference for spawning with mates that provide well-built nests. However, nest-building behaviour can also be sexually selected, when nest traits increase mating success, protect against sperm competition or nest take-overs by conspecifics. Here, we offer a systematic review, with examples of how competition for sites and location of fish nests relates to sexual selection. We examine direct and indirect benefits of mate choice linked to nest traits, and different types of nests, from a sexual selection perspective. Nest-related behaviours are often under both natural and sexual selection, and we disentangle examples where that is the case, with special attention to females. We highlight some taxa in which nest building is likely to be sexually selected, but lack of research has left them uninvestigated. Some of them are established aquarium species, making them particularly amenable for future research. Finally, we compare with arthropods, amphibians and birds. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The evolutionary ecology of nests: a cross-taxon approach’.

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“…Recently, Wright et al (2022) and Brownstein et al (2022) presented evidence that the genus Amia comprises two genetically distinct lineages, including a north/west lineage occupying the great lakes, Mississippi, and western Gulf slope drainages, and a south/east lineage occupying the Atlantic slope and the eastern Gulf slope drainages (Mobile to southern Florida). Based on these differences the two lineages are recognized here as separate species with A. calva Linnaeus, 1766, the oldest available name for the south/east lineage, and A. ocellicauda Richardson, 1836, for the north/west lineage.…”

Section: Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The order Amiiformes currently comprises two extant species, the bowfin Amia calva Linnaeus, 1766 and the eyetail bowfin Amia ocellicauda Richarson, 1836 (Brownstein et al, 2022; Wright et al, 2022). Until recent recognition of this second species, the genus had long been monotypic and A. calva considered a “living fossil” (Burr & Bennett, 2014; Grande & Bemis, 1998; Schultze & Wiley, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The larval attachment organ of the bowfin Amia ocellicauda Richardson, 1836 (Amiiformes: Amiidae) and its phylogenetic significance

Pinion,

Britz,

Kubicek

et al. 2023

Journal of Fish Biology

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Larval attachment organs (LAOs) are unicellular or multicellular organs that enable the larvae of many actinopterygian fishes to adhere to a substrate before yolk‐sac absorption and the free‐swimming stage. Bowfins (Amiiformes) exhibit a sizable LAO on the snout, which was first described in the late 19th century and early 20th century. In this study, we document the LAO of Amia ocellicauda (Richardson, 1836) using a combination of scanning electron and light microscopy, and histochemistry. We examined material representing three stages with SEM ranging in size from 5.8–11.2 mm in notochord length and one stage histochemically. We compare the LAO of Am. ocellicauda to that of the lepisosteid Atractosteus tropicus Gill, 1863 and show that while the LAO of Am. ocellicauda and At. tropicus are both superorgans, the two differ in the ultrastructure of the entire organ. Amia ocellicauda possesses two distinct lobes, with the organs arranged on the periphery with none in the middle, whereas At. tropicus also possesses two lobes, but with the organs scattered evenly across the superorgan. The individual organs of Am. ocellicauda possess adhesive cells set deep to support cells with adhesive substance released through a pore, whereas At. tropicus possesses both support cells and adhesive cells sitting at a similar level, with adhesive substance released directly onto the surface of the organ. We additionally provide a table summarizing vertebrate genera in which attachment organs have been documented as well as discuss the implications of our study to hypotheses of the homology of attachment organs in the Holostei.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Hidden species diversity in an iconic living fossil vertebrate

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

Spawning Behavior in a Non-Teleost Actinopterygian: Genetic Evidence for Both Monogamy and Polygamy in Amia

Spawning Behavior in a Non-Teleost Actinopterygian: Genetic Evidence for Both Monogamy and Polygamy in Amia

How sexual and natural selection interact and shape the evolution of nests and nesting behaviour in fishes

The larval attachment organ of the bowfin Amia ocellicauda Richardson, 1836 (Amiiformes: Amiidae) and its phylogenetic significance

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