Hide and seek in a pandemic: review of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and sequelae in children

Clark, John A.; Pathan, Nazima

doi:10.1113/ep089399

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 145 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 seemed to cross the placenta and could also be found in breast milk, thus providing some protection for the newborn [ 37 ]. Like adults, children could also have long-term complications of COVID-19, which may include neurological and cardiac morbidity [ 38 ].…”

Section: Early Research On the Symptoms And Spreading Of The Sars-cov-2 Among Children And Young Peoplementioning

confidence: 99%

The COVID-19 pandemic in children and young people during 2020-2021: Learning about clinical presentation, patterns of spread, viral load, diagnosis and treatment

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Early Research On the Symptoms And Spreading Of The Sars-cov-2 Among Children And Young Peoplementioning

confidence: 99%

The COVID-19 pandemic in children and young people during 2020-2021: Learning about clinical presentation, patterns of spread, viral load, diagnosis and treatment

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The acute coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused six million deaths worldwide [1], and less than 20% of reported cases are in youth (0-17 years) [2]. During the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the low numbers of confirmed cases in children and adolescents were attributed to under-testing due to asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic states [3][4][5]. However, over 14 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been diagnosed in children under 18 years old in the United States alone [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the low numbers of confirmed cases in children and adolescents were attributed to under-testing due to asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic states [ 3 - 5 ]. However, over 14 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been diagnosed in children under 18 years old in the United States alone [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Brain Abscess and Life-Threatening Intracranial Hypertension Requiring Emergent Decompressive Craniectomy After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Healthy Adolescent

Kunapaisal¹,

Guo²,

Gomez³

et al. 2023

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acute coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection usually results in mild symptoms, but secondary infections after SARS-CoV-2 infection can occur, particularly with comorbid conditions. We present the clinical course of a healthy adolescent with a brain abscess and life-threatening intracranial hypertension requiring emergent decompressive craniectomy after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. A 13-year-old healthy immunized male presented with invasive frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary sinusitis and symptoms of lethargy, nausea, headache, and photophobia due to a frontal brain abscess diagnosed three weeks after symptoms and 11 days of oral amoxicillin treatment. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was negative twice but then positive on amoxicillin day 11 (symptom day 21), when magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 2.5-cm right frontal brain abscess with a 10-mm midline shift. The patient underwent emergent craniotomy for right frontal epidural abscess washout and functional endoscopic sinus surgery with ethmoidectomy. On a postoperative day one, his neurological condition showed new right-sided pupillary dilation and decreased responsiveness. His vital signs showed bradycardia and systolic hypertension. He underwent an emergent decompressive craniectomy for signs of brain herniation. Bacterial PCR was positive for Streptococcus intermedius, for which he received intravenous vancomycin and metronidazole. He was discharged home on hospital day 14 without neurological sequelae and future bone flap replacement. Our case highlights the importance of timely recognition and treatment of brain abscess and brain herniation in patients with neurological symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection, even in otherwise healthy patients.

show abstract

“…Yet, the Delta Variant of Concern (VOC), formerly known as the Indian VOC or B 1.617.2, rapidly became the dominant strain of SARS-CoV-2 in most western countries, and its spread was found mainly in younger, more affluent groups [ 4 ]. The respiratory syndrome (fever, cough, respiratory difficulties) is the main feature and thus the main target for clinical screening of children with suspected COVID-19 [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms related to COVID-19, such as vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, have emerged among extrapulmonary manifestations [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited Additive Diagnostic Impact of Isolated Gastrointestinal Involvement for the Triage of Children with Suspected COVID-19

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The strategy for the selection of patients with a suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection is relevant for the organization of a children’s hospital to provide optimal separation into COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 areas and pathways. We analyzed the proportion of children with COVID-19 presenting with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in 137 consecutive patients admitted between January 2020 and August 2021. GI symptoms were present as follows: diarrhea in 35 patients (26%), vomiting in 16 (12%), and both of them in five (3%); the combination of fever, respiratory symptoms, and diarrhea was observed in 16 patients (12%). Of the 676 adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to our hospital in the same time interval, 62 (9.2%) had diarrhea, 30 (4.4%) had vomiting, and 11 (1.6%) had nausea; only one patient, a 38-year-old male, presented with isolated GI symptoms at the diagnosis. Although diarrhea was observed in one quarter of cases, one-half of them had the complete triad of fever, respiratory syndrome, and diarrhea, and only five had isolated diarrhea, of which two were diagnosed with a Campylobacter infection. The occurrence of either respiratory symptoms or gastrointestinal symptoms in our patients was not related to the patient age, while younger children were more likely to have a fever. Of the 137 patients, 73 (53%) could be tested for their serum level of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies. The observed titer ranged between 0 (n = 3) and 1729 BAU/mL (median, 425 BAU/mL). Of 137 consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to our referral children’s hospital, only three presented with an isolated GI manifestation. It is interesting to note that this finding turned out to be fully in keeping with what was observed on adult patients with COVID-19 in our hospital. The additive diagnostic impact of gastrointestinal involvement for the triage of children with suspected COVID-19 appears limited.

show abstract

Hide and seek in a pandemic: review of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and sequelae in children

Cited by 9 publications

References 145 publications

The COVID-19 pandemic in children and young people during 2020-2021: Learning about clinical presentation, patterns of spread, viral load, diagnosis and treatment

The COVID-19 pandemic in children and young people during 2020-2021: Learning about clinical presentation, patterns of spread, viral load, diagnosis and treatment

Bacterial Brain Abscess and Life-Threatening Intracranial Hypertension Requiring Emergent Decompressive Craniectomy After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Healthy Adolescent

Limited Additive Diagnostic Impact of Isolated Gastrointestinal Involvement for the Triage of Children with Suspected COVID-19

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About