HIDRORENGKAH MINYAK LAKA MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS NiO/ZEOLIT ALAM AKTIF DAN NiOMoO/ZEOLIT ALAM AKTIF MENJADI FRAKSI BERPOTENSI ENERGI

Abstract

Hydrocracking of cashew-nut shell liquid (CNSL) into energy-affording fractions has been investigated using catalyst of acid-acticated natural zeolite (ZAA), to which were further impregnated unimetal (NiO) and bimetal (NiOMoO) elements, thereby comprising two catalyst types (NiO/ZAA and NiOMoO/ZAA). This research aimed to examine how potential was the conversion of CNSL into energy-affording fractions, and to look into such metal imregnaton into ZAA catalyst on the performance of hydrocracking reaction. Catalyst characterization included determinig consecutively acidity using ammonia-base adsorption, and crystalinity using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Acid activation and metal impregnation increased the catalyst acidity and its crystalinity. The hydrocracking was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor employing the temperature 450 C, the CNSL feed/catalyst ratio of 6, and flow rate of H at 20 ml/minute. The hydrocracking converted the CNSL into products that comprised the liquid-phase, gas-phase, and solid-phase (cokes) fractions,, which in all afforded energy, and the conversion of each fraction was examined. The liquid-phase product was further analyzed using gas chromatography (GC), which revealed that the GC's eluted liquid fraction were predominantly gasoline, diesel oil, and heavy oil. Each eluted fraction was further examined for its selectivity based on the elucidated GC area for each fraction over the total GC area for the overall liquid fractions. The hydrocracking performed optimally using NiOMoO/ZAA catalysts. Which converted as much 75.42% (the greatest) of the CNSL as the liquid product, with also the greatest in selectivity towards gasoline and diesel-oil fraction at 38.45% and 19.87%, respectively. The impregnation of metal element, particularly bimetal (NiOMoO) into ZAA catalyst indicatively enhanced the hydrocracking performance.

Coating of Pd and Co on Mordenite for a Catalyst of Hydrotreating of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid into Biofuel

“…These sites facilitate cracking mechanisms during hydrotreatment which leads to the production of more liquid products. Hydrotreating of CNSL oil using natural zeolite was done previously producing over 31.08 wt.% conversion [11]. Co/MOR and Pd/MOR catalysts give the better result of the conversion.…”

“…Commonly, to improve its activity and selectivity for hydrotreating, Nickel is paired with Molybdenum in the bimetallic system (NiMo). Hydrotreating CNSL oil using bimetallic NiMo loaded in ZAA was done previously producing over 58.32% of hydrocarbon compounds [11]. The use of NiMo requires two types of metals will need a higher cost to synthesize.…”

Preparasi dan Karakterisasi Katalis Mo-Ni/HZ dengan Metode Impregnasi untuk Cracking Katalitik Minyak Limbah Cair Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit menjadi Bahan Bakar Nabati

“…Saat ini, telah banyak dikembangkan penelitian mengenai zeolit alam yang diembankan logam transisi sebagai katalis dalam proses cracking [15], dengan berbagai sumber minyak nabati seperti minyak biji nyamplung [16], minyak bintaro [17], minyak laka [18] dan minyak kelapa sawit [19], kesemuanya dalam upaya mengubahnya menjadi bahan bakar nabati.…”

Studi Kinetika Eksrak Daun Jambu Biji Sebagai Obat Penyembuh Diare

“…Katalis (6) adalah suatu cara untuk mempercepat suatu reaksi. Didalam reaksi kimia sangat di perlukan katalis sebagai pembantu mempercepat reaksi.…”