Hierarchical approach to define travertine depositional systems: 3D conceptual morphological model and possible applications

Mancini, Alessandro; Capezzuoli, Enrico; Erthal, Marcelle Marques; Swennen, Rudy

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.02.021

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The studied material are continental carbonates, which have long been used as building material [113] and have recently been studied extensively as reservoir analogues [114][115][116] as a response to the discovery of pre-salt oil reservoirs consisting of similarly complex carbonates offshore in Brazil [117][118][119]. These carbonates provide unique challenges with respect to their porosity because Materials 2020, 13, 1397 4 of 33 an interplay of biological, chemical, and physical processes during sedimentation and diagenesis gives rise to an extraordinarily complex multiscale pore network, resulting in cm-scale pores that are connected to each other through meso-and microporous pathways [120,121].…”

Section: Study Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed Tomography 3D Super-Resolution with Generative Adversarial Neural Networks: Implications on Unsaturated and Two-Phase Fluid Flow

2020

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Fluid flow characteristics are important to assess reservoir performance. Unfortunately, laboratory techniques are inadequate to know these characteristics, which is why numerical methods were developed. Such methods often use computed tomography (CT) scans as input but this technique is plagued by a resolution versus sample size trade-off. Therefore, a super-resolution method using generative adversarial neural networks (GANs) was used to artificially improve the resolution. Firstly, the influence of resolution on pore network properties and single-phase, unsaturated, and two-phase flow was analysed to verify that pores and pore throats become larger on average and surface area decreases with worsening resolution. These observations are reflected in increasingly overestimated single-phase permeability, less moisture uptake at lower capillary pressures, and high residual oil fraction after waterflooding. Therefore, the super-resolution GANs were developed which take low (12 µm) resolution input and increase the resolution to 4 µm, which is compared to the expected high-resolution output. These results better predicted pore network properties and fluid flow properties despite the overestimation of porosity. Relevant small pores and pore surfaces are better resolved thus providing better estimates of unsaturated and two-phase flow which can be heavily influenced by flow along pore boundaries and through smaller pores. This study presents the second case in which GANs were applied to a super-resolution problem on geological materials, but it is the first one to apply it directly on raw CT images and to determine the actual impact of a super-resolution method on fluid predictions.Materials 2020, 13, 1397 2 of 33 examples requires detailed knowledge on fluid storage and flow properties which could be estimated through experiments, either carried out in specialized laboratories or deduced from digital rocks. Laboratory measurements, however, require expensive and complex set-ups, take a long time to complete, are often destructive, do not always entirely capture the studied properties and on top of that, experiments often fail to produce reproducible results between laboratories [9,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Therefore, numerical solutions have been developed allowing to compute fluid storage and flow properties on digital rocks [7,[20][21][22][23]. Such digital rocks are acquired through direct imaging or numerical simulations of rocks.Computed tomography (CT) is a technique to rapidly capture the three-dimensional structure of materials [22,24,25]. However, like any imaging technique, CT is plagued by a sample size versus resolution trade-off, which is adversely affecting fluid flow simulations. Both a high resolution and sufficiently large volume are required for accurate fluid flow estimations at the pore-scale [9,[26][27][28]. Resolution impacts how well pore network topology and pore surfaces are resolved. At lower resolution, i.e., lower resolving power, pore sizes are often overestimated and specific surf...

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Section: Study Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed Tomography 3D Super-Resolution with Generative Adversarial Neural Networks: Implications on Unsaturated and Two-Phase Fluid Flow

2020

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“…Johnson et al 2014), geobody architecture of depositional systems (e.g. Mancini et al 2019), as well as ichnological contexts with human tracks (e.g. Rüther et al 2012;Bennett et al 2016;Bustos et al 2018;Helm et al 2018;Zimmer et al 2018;Romano et al 2019).…”

Section: Survey Of Laetoli Site S: a Case Study For Photogrammetry Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frozen in the Ashes

Cherin

Barili

Boschian

et al. 2021

Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks

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Fossil footprints are very useful palaeontological tools. Their features can help to identify their makers and also to infer biological as well as behavioural information. Nearly all the hominin tracks discovered so far are attributed to species of the genus Homo. The only exception is represented by the trackways found in the late 1970s at Laetoli, which are thought to have been made by three Australopithecus afarensis individuals about 3.66 million years ago. We have unearthed and described the footprints of two more individuals at Laetoli, who were moving on the same surface, in the same direction, and probably in the same timespan as the three found in the 1970s, apparently all belonging to a single herd of bipedal hominins walking from south to north. The estimated stature of one of the new individuals (about 1.65 m) exceeds those previously published for Au. afarensis. This evidence supports the existence of marked morphological variation within the species. Considering the bipedal footprints found at Laetoli as a whole, we can hypothesize that the tallest individual may have been the dominant male, the others smaller females and juveniles. Thus, considerable differences may have existed between sexes in these human ancestors, similar to modern gorillas.

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“…For instance, in arid conditions (Ben Younes tufa -Gafsa area, Tunisia) Henchiri ( 2014) described extensive palustrine tufa deposits related to repeated occurrence of springs able to lead supersaturated waters. Tufa deposits can also represent the distal portion of thermal systems, where typical travertine facies are transitional to cooler, plant-rich tufa facies and especially of suitable environments as lakes, alluvial plains or marshes (Della Porta, 2015;Della Porta et al, 2017;Brogi et al, 2017;Mancini et al, 2019;Mohammadi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Factors Controlling Extensive Palustrine Deposition and Preservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentología de las tobas palustres pleistocenas y depósitos asociados del Valle del Ebrón (Cordillera Ibérica, España)

2021

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En el registro geológico, los depósitos de tobas palustres extensos no son comunes. Este trabajo discute los factores para la formación y conservación de extensos depósitos palustres, tomando como ejemplo los depósitos del Pleistoceno medio-superior que se formaron en el tramo distal del sistema de tobas fluviales del río Ebrón (Cordillera Ibérica, en Teruel y Valencia). Los depósitos estudiados (área de Los Santos) constan de sedimentos detríticos en la base, asociados a incisiones fluviales profundas sobre el sustrato, seguidos por una sucesión de carbonatos con amplia variedad de facies tobáceas, con un mínimo de 19 m de espesor. Las facies más abundantes son los rudstones fitoclásticos, arenas y limos de carbonato con gasterópodos y ostrácodos, y los boundstones de tallos de plantas creciendo hacia arriba. Menos comunes son los boundstones de musgos y de tallos colgantes, y las calizas bioclásticas. Hasta cinco secuencias verticales de facies se han caracterizado. El modelo de facies corresponde al tramo al final de un sistema tobáceo fluvial escalonado con cascadas-barreras, en el que se formarían extensas áreas palustres, áreas encharcadas someras, algunas con estancamiento, y pequeñas cascadas. Las variaciones litológicas del sustrato pre-Cuaternario, desde rocas carbonáticas aguas arriba a rocas aluviales aguas abajo, permitió la formación de esa superficie amplia y de poca pendiente al final del sistema fluvial escalonado, en conjunto con facies de poca energía, lo cual apoya la ausencia de estromatolitos. Además, la escasez de procesos erosivos intensos permitiría que una densa cubierta de plantas hidrófilas prosperara en diversos ambientes, así como la acumulación y conservación de materia orgánica. El escaso espesor de la secuencia estudiada se relaciona con la disminución del contenido en calcio y bicarbonato disueltos en el agua (por la situación distal respecto a las fuentes alimentadas por el acuífero carbonatado) y la disminución de la intensidad de desgasificación de CO2 en ambientes de poca pendiente.

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Hierarchical approach to define travertine depositional systems: 3D conceptual morphological model and possible applications

Cited by 32 publications

References 67 publications

Computed Tomography 3D Super-Resolution with Generative Adversarial Neural Networks: Implications on Unsaturated and Two-Phase Fluid Flow

Computed Tomography 3D Super-Resolution with Generative Adversarial Neural Networks: Implications on Unsaturated and Two-Phase Fluid Flow

Frozen in the Ashes

Sedimentología de las tobas palustres pleistocenas y depósitos asociados del Valle del Ebrón (Cordillera Ibérica, España)

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