Matters comprise of molecules that exist in three different phases-solids, liquids and gases depending on their arrangement. The arrangement of molecules in a crystalline solid leads to long-range positional and orientational orders. In isotropic liquid, on the other hand, the molecules are arranged randomly and possess no order and flow freely. However, it was observed that a certain class of molecules organise in a different manner in order to exhibit a new phase, popularly known as liquid crystalline phase. Molecules in liquid crystalline phase self-organize, leading to positional/orientation order. Macroscopically, the liquid crystalline phase exhibits flow and appears like an opaque fluid.