“…[8][9][10] However, it is still a challenge for non-noble metal-based bifunctional electrocatalysts to achieve high efficiency and strong stability for HER and OER in the same electrolyte. 11,12 Transition metal-based electrocatalysts, such as nickel, cobalt, or iron compounds, 13 oxides, 14,15 sulfides, 16,17 and phosphates, 18,19 are common low-cost alternatives. Among them, transition metal phosphates exhibit excellent catalytic properties for HER 20 and OER.…”