Hierarchical Growth of <scp>ZnO</scp> Particles by a Hydrothermal Route

Bamiduro, Faith; Ward, Michael B.; Brydson, R.; Milne, Steven J.

doi:10.1111/jace.12809

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Also, the type II nanoparticles appeared to have formed superordinate structures (type III). Such multistep hierarchical growth mechanisms have already been observed for different materials, such as TiO 2 [ 23 ], ZnO [ 24 ], and Co [ 25 ]. For ZnO, Bamiduro et al had also found a merging process after stacks of several nanoplatelets formed [ 24 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Such multistep hierarchical growth mechanisms have already been observed for different materials, such as TiO 2 [ 23 ], ZnO [ 24 ], and Co [ 25 ]. For ZnO, Bamiduro et al had also found a merging process after stacks of several nanoplatelets formed [ 24 ]. Samples obtained after 2 h and 5 h, respectively (see Figure S1b and S1c in Supporting Information File 1 ), showed no visible difference to the sample obtained after 30 min.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

Joschko

Wafo

Malsi

et al. 2021

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Sb2S3 is a promising nanomaterial for application in solar cells and in the fields of electronics and optoelectronics. Herein, Sb2S3 nanoparticles were prepared via the hot-injection approach. In contrast to earlier work, the reaction temperature was decreased to 150 °C so that the reaction was slowed down and could be stopped at defined reaction stages. Thereby, the formation mechanism of the nanomaterial and the associated kinetics could be revealed. Based on morphological and structural analyses, it is suggested that seed particles (type 0) formed immediately after injecting the antimony precursor into the sulfur precursor. These seeds fused to form amorphous nanoparticles (type I) that contained a lower percentage of sulfur than that corresponding to the expected stoichiometric ratio of Sb2S3. The reason for this possibly lies in the formation of an oxygen- or carbon-containing intermediate during the seeding process. Afterward, the type I nanoparticles aggregated into larger amorphous nanoparticles (type II) in a second hierarchical assembly process and formed superordinate structures (type III). This process was followed by the crystallization of these particles and a layer-like growth of the crystalline particles by an Ostwald ripening process at the expense of the amorphous particles. It was demonstrated that the kinetic control of the reaction allowed tuning of the optical band gap of the amorphous nanoparticles in the range of 2.2–2.0 eV. On the contrary, the optical band gap of the crystalline particles decreased to a value of 1.7 eV and remained constant when the reaction progressed. Based on the proposed formation mechanism, future syntheses for Sb2S3 particles can be developed, allowing tuning of the particle properties in a broad range. In this way, the selective use of this material in a wide range of applications will become possible.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

Joschko

Wafo

Malsi

et al. 2021

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Also, the type II nanoparticles appear to have formed superordinated structures (type III). Such multistep hierarchical growth mechanisms were already observed for different materials such as TiO2 [23], ZnO [24], and Co [25]. For ZnO, Bamiduro et al also found a merging process after stacks of several nanoplatelets had formed [24].…”

Section: Morphology and Structurementioning

confidence: 66%

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

Joschko¹,

Wafo²,

Malsi³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Sb2S3 is a promising nanomaterial for application in solar cells and other fields of electronics and optoelectronics. Sb2S3 nanoparticles were prepared via the hot-injection approach. In contrast to earlier work, the reaction temperature was decreased to 150°C, so that the reaction was slowed down and could be stopped at defined reaction stages. Thereby, the formation mechanism of the nanomaterial and the associated kinetics could be revealed. Based on morphological and structural analysis, it is suggested that seed particles (type 0) form immediately after injecting the antimony precursor into the sulfur precursor. These seeds fuse to form amorphous nanoparticles (type I) that contain a lower percentage of sulfur than that corresponding to the expected stoichiometric ratio of Sb2S3. The reason for this possibly lies in the formation of an oxygen- or carbon-containing intermediate during the seeding process. Afterward, the type I nanoparticles aggregate into larger amorphous nanoparticles (type II) in a second hierarchical assembly process and form superordinated structures (type III). This process is followed by the crystallization of these particles and a layer-like growth of the crystalline particles by an Ostwald ripening process at the expense of the amorphous particles. It was demonstrated that the kinetic control of the reaction allows tuning of the optical bandgap of the amorphous nanoparticles in the range of 2.2 – 2.0 eV. On the contrary, the optical bandgap of the crystalline particles decreases to a value of 1.7 eV and remains constant when the reaction progresses. Based on the proposed formation mechanism, future syntheses for Sb2S3 particles can be developed, allowing tuning the particles' properties in a broad range. In this way, the selective use of this material in a wide range of applications will become possible.

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“… 32 A dipole–dipole interaction would enhance the attachment. 36 In the latter stage of growth, the particles in contact with the solution grow with Ostwald ripening through dissolution–recrystallization 32 , 35 , 37 , 38 in which larger particles grow at the cost of smaller particles, which transforms the component particles into larger pyramidal-shaped crystallites. Only the particles on the surface of the thin film on the c (+)-surface changed to pyramid-like particles after aging.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Homoepitaxial Growth of ZnO Layers on c(+)-Surface by Solvothermal Reaction in Water–Ethylene Glycol Solvent

2020

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Solvothermal deposition of ZnO layers on the c (±)-surfaces of ZnO single crystal substrates in a water–ethylene glycol solvent was investigated. Homoepitaxial growth of nanoparticulate layers was observed on the c (+)-surface. The manner of nanoparticle deposition on the c (+)-surface was similar to that of spherical particles precipitated in the solution, in that both grew through the oriented attachment of small particles during the early growth stage. The growth of the nanoparticulate film on the c (−)-surface was much slower than that on the c (+)-surface. After aging, the top surface of the film on the c (+)-surface transformed into a layer of pyramid-like particles so that the base of the pyramids was directed toward the surface. In contrast, randomly oriented pyramidal particles covered the c (−)-surface. Ostwald ripening through dissolution–recrystallization transformed the nanoparticles into pyramid-shaped particles in the latter stage when they were in contact with the solution. The faster growth on the c (+)-surface than on the c (−)-surface and the pyramidal shape of the particles with c (+)-basal plane deposited on the c (±)-surfaces after aging confirmed that the growth of the c (+)-plane was promoted, whereas the growth of {101̅0} and c (−)-planes was inhibited in this solution.

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Hierarchical Growth of ZnO Particles by a Hydrothermal Route

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

Selective Homoepitaxial Growth of ZnO Layers on c(+)-Surface by Solvothermal Reaction in Water–Ethylene Glycol Solvent

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Hierarchical Growth of ZnO Particles by a Hydrothermal Route

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb2S3 nanoparticles

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb2S3 nanoparticles

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb2S3 nanoparticles

Selective Homoepitaxial Growth of ZnO Layers on c(+)-Surface by Solvothermal Reaction in Water–Ethylene Glycol Solvent

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles