Hierarchical MOF-on-MOF Architecture for pH/GSH-Controlled Drug Delivery and Fe-Based Chemodynamic Therapy

Abstract

Chemotherapy is still an important and effective clinical treatment for cancer. However, individual drugs hardly achieve precise controlled release and targeted therapy, thus resulting in unavoidable side effects. Fortunately, the emergence of drug carriers is expected to solve the above problems. In this work, the MOF-on-MOF strategy was adopted to encapsulate DOX into double-layer NH 2 -MIL-88B to fabricate a core−shell-structured DOX@NH 2 -MIL-88B-On-NH 2 -MIL-88B (DMM) and then realize the pH and GSH dual-responsive controlled DOX release. Because of the core−shell structure, the drug-loading capacity of DMM reached 14.4 wt %, which was nearly twice that of DOX@ NH 2 -MIL-88B (DM), and the controlled release performance of DMM was also improved at the same time, greatly improving the kinetics equilibrium time of DOX from 2 h (DM) to 16 h (DMM) at pH 5.0. Moreover, we found that DMM also possessed peroxidase-like catalytic activity under acidic conditions, which could catalyze H 2 O 2 to produce • OH, exhibiting the potential chemodynamical treatment of cancer. Cell experiments showed that DMM had a significant inhibitory effect against 4T1 cancer cells, and the survival rate of 4T1 cells was less than 20% at 100 ppm.

Recent Progress of Metal-Organic Framework-Based Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer Treatment

“… 34 In addition to single-stimuli-responsive MOFs, multi-stimuli- responsive MOFs have emerged due to the complexity of the tumor. Ni et al 67 encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) into double-layer NH 2 -MIL-88B from the Materials of Institute Lavoisier (MIL) family to realize the pH and glutathione (GSH) dual-responsive controlled DOX release.…”

Recent advances in porous MOFs and their hybrids for photothermal cancer therapy

“…36–38 Although these systems exhibit excellent photothermal conversion efficiency and good stability, the lack of biodegradability and biocompatibility still restrict their development. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), 39–61 an emerging class of inorganic–organic hybrid porous materials, have been proven to be potential candidates for PTT. Compared with traditional porous materials, the outstanding advantages of MOFs in PTT are as follows: (1) designable inorganic nodes and organic linkers offer great potential for fabrication of functionalized MOFs using photothermal agents as organic ligands; (2) simple fabrication methods can introduce inorganic or polymer materials into MOFs; (3) large surface area and suitable pore size enable encapsulation of PTT agents; (4) some endogenous metals and superior biodegradation guarantee biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy.…”

Sulfur‐Doped Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework for Improved Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…Porous organic frameworks including metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks have shown considerable potential for catalysis, gas separation and sensing, by virtue of their powerful pore chemistry and tunable active sites. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Besides, hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) as a class of newly emerging materials, are constructed by supramolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds, and gain increased attention in various fields. [24][25][26][27][28] However, to our knowledge, there have been few researches on using HOFs as OER electrocatalyst, mostly restricted by their lack of enough active sites.…”

“…Porous organic frameworks including metal‐organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks have shown considerable potential for catalysis, gas separation and sensing, by virtue of their powerful pore chemistry and tunable active sites [10–23] . Besides, hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) as a class of newly emerging materials, are constructed by supramolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds, and gain increased attention in various fields [24–28] .…”