Hierarchical organization of personality and prediction of behavior.

Abstract

Two studies evaluated personality trait measures and Big Five factor measures for their accuracy in predicting important behavior criteria. The results of both studies showed that the narrower traits and the broader factors, thought to define 2 levels of a hierarchy of personality variables, separately predicted most criterion variables. However, the incremental validity of the personality txait measures (the degree to which the traits increased the criterion prediction achieved by the factors) was generally much larger than the incremental validity of the Big Five factor measures. It was concluded that aggregating personality traits into their underlying personality factors could result in decreased predictive accuracy due to the loss of trait-specific but criterion-valid variance.

Bandwidth and Fidelity on the NEO-Five Factor Inventory: Replicability and Reliability of Item Cluster Subcomponents

“…In other words, items or factors in the broadband composite that are unrelated to the outcome of interest (i.e., irrelevant information) will attenuate the correlation. Empirical results support this (Ashton, 1998;Ashton et al, 1995;Paunonen, 1998Paunonen, , 2003Paunonen & Ashton, 2001;cf. also Carver, 1989).…”

“…Another may be that in the absence of further development and cross-validation work, researchers are hesitant to utilize them. The goal of this study is therefore to provide a detailed investigation of the subcomponents' replicability and psychometric characteristics in two independent samples.An appreciation of the subcomponent's importance may be gleaned from a brief review of the debate over the relative merits of scales capturing broad traits versus those capturing narrow traits (Ashton, 1998;Ashton, Jackson, Paunonen, Helmes, & Rothstein, 1995;Ones & Viswesvaran, 1996;Ones, Viswesvaran, & Schmidt, 1993;Paunonen, 1998Paunonen, , 2003Paunonen & Ashton, 2001;Saucier & Ostendorf, 1999). In hierarchical personality inventories, the former correspond to higher order, general factors, whereas the latter correspond to lower order, specific factors.…”

“…The use of single-item criterion measures is common in survey research methodology and is consistent with prior bandwidth-fidelity research (cf. Ashton, 1998;Paunonen, 1998Paunonen, , 2003. (Satorra & Bentler, 1988) to produce a chi-square fit statistic scaled to correct for departures from multivariate normality (the Satorra-Bentler Chi-Square).…”

Multiple Personality Domains in Relation to Occupational Choice and Performance Among Established Teachers

“…Assertiveness, a facet of Extraversion suggesting firm leadership, also was more likely than Extraversion (as a broad trait) to yield meaningful and generalizable relationships with quality of teaching. These two outcomes involving FFM facets are consistent with the view that the facets are more likely than the five broader factors to be predictive of performance outcomes (Borman et al,1997;Hough, 2003;Hough & Schneider, 1996, Murphy, 1996Paunonen, 1998;Paunonen & Ashton, 2001). Indeed, a number of writers have emphasized the heuristic value of a multilevel hierarchical approach to personality (Carroll, 2002;Coan, 1964;Costa & McCrae, 1995;Digman, 1997;Emmerich, 1968;Hough & Schneider, 1996;John, 1990;John & Srivastava, 1999;Saucier & Goldberg, 2003).…”

Um estudo comparativo entre características de personalidade de universitários fumantes, ex-fumantes e não-fumantes

“…19,49 Works based, totally or partially, on the Big Five Personality theoretical model, for example, revealed an inverse association between smoking and conscientiousness. 20,49,50 All individuals with high scores for conscientiousness can be described as conscientious, careful, reliable, hard-worker, wellorganized, meticulous, scrupulous, self-disciplined, neat/clean, punctual, practical, energetic, ambitious, linked to business, informed and perseverant. 5 There are different hypothesis on the nature of such an association.…”