Hierarchical porosity in additively manufactured bioengineering scaffolds: Fabrication &amp; characterisation

Shalchy, Faezeh; Lovell, Christopher; Bhaskar, Atul

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103968

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The results demonstrated that the controlled porous structure of woven fabrics was positively conducive for the cell infiltration and tissue regeneration in vivo . Some other studies also demonstrated that the woven fabrics with controllable pore size and porosity could significantly promote the cell penetration into the whole woven patterns, further forming the 3D tissue architecture and structure [ 38 , 59 ]. Importantly, this study also demonstrated that all the four woven textiles with different SF/PLLA mass ratios could trigger the inflammatory response, but the woven textiles with higher SF component had less fibrosis structure and less recruited macrophages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun strong, bioactive, and bioabsorbable silk fibroin/poly (L-lactic-acid) nanoyarns for constructing advanced nanotextile tissue scaffolds

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Materials Today Bio

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun strong, bioactive, and bioabsorbable silk fibroin/poly (L-lactic-acid) nanoyarns for constructing advanced nanotextile tissue scaffolds

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Materials Today Bio

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“…1 G). This level of porosity was high enough to allow for the exchange of multiple nutrients required for bone formation [ 36 ]. Therefore, the porosity of these scaffolds prepared in this study was appropriate for bone regeneration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A xonotlite nanofiber bioactive 3D-printed hydrogel scaffold based on osteo-/angiogenesis and osteoimmune microenvironment remodeling accelerates vascularized bone regeneration

Yang,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

J Nanobiotechnol

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Background Coordination between osteo-/angiogenesis and the osteoimmune microenvironment is essential for effective bone repair with biomaterials. As a highly personalized and precise biomaterial suitable for repairing complex bone defects in clinical practice, it is essential to endow 3D-printed scaffold the above key capabilities. Results Herein, by introducing xonotlite nanofiber (Ca6(Si6O17) (OH)2, CS) into the 3D-printed silk fibroin/gelatin basal scaffold, a novel bone repair system named SGC was fabricated. It was noted that the incorporation of CS could greatly enhance the chemical and mechanical properties of the scaffold to match the needs of bone regeneration. Besides, benefiting from the addition of CS, SGC scaffolds could accelerate osteo-/angiogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and meanwhile reprogram macrophages to establish a favorable osteoimmune microenvironment. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that SGC scaffolds could efficiently stimulate bone repair and create a regeneration-friendly osteoimmune microenvironment. Mechanistically, we discovered that SGC scaffolds may achieve immune reprogramming in macrophages through a decrease in the expression of Smad6 and Smad7, both of which participate in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Conclusion Overall, this study demonstrated the clinical potential of the SGC scaffold due to its favorable pro-osteo-/angiogenic and osteoimmunomodulatory properties. In addition, it is a promising strategy to develop novel bone repair biomaterials by taking osteoinduction and osteoimmune microenvironment remodeling functions into account. Graphical Abstract

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“…Previous studies have documented how factors such as extrusion pressure, temperature, polymer compatibility, and density disparities influence phase formation and alignment [12,31,35,55]. Under printing pressure, polymers with lower densities tend to migrate towards the outer regions, in contact with the syringe wall [55,56]. Additionally, in a polymeric blend, the component with the highest density or molecular weight will exert pressure on the other polymeric component, leading to the formation of a dispersed and not evenly distributed phase [31,35,57].…”

Section: Pcl Fibrous Scaffold Morphological Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Microfibrous Scaffold with Aligned Topography Produced via a Combination of Melt-Extrusion Additive Manufacturing and Porogen Leaching for In Vitro Skeletal Muscle Modeling

Spedicati,

Zoso,

Mortati

et al. 2024

Bioengineering

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Skeletal muscle tissue (SMT) has a highly hierarchical and anisotropic morphology, featuring aligned and parallel structures at multiple levels. Various factors, including trauma and disease conditions, can compromise the functionality of skeletal muscle. The in vitro modeling of SMT represents a useful tool for testing novel drugs and therapies. The successful replication of SMT native morphology demands scaffolds with an aligned anisotropic 3D architecture. In this work, a 3D PCL fibrous scaffold with aligned morphology was developed through the synergistic combination of Melt-Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (MEAM) and porogen leaching, utilizing PCL as the bulk material and PEG as the porogen. PCL/PEG blends with different polymer ratios (60/40, 50/50, 40/60) were produced and characterized through a DSC analysis. The MEAM process parameters and porogen leaching in bi-distilled water allowed for the development of a micrometric anisotropic fibrous structure with fiber diameters ranging from 10 to 100 µm, depending on PCL/PEG blend ratios. The fibrous scaffolds were coated with Gelatin type A to achieve a biomimetic coating for an in vitro cell culture and mechanically characterized via AFM. The 40/60 PCL/PEG scaffolds yielded the most homogeneous and smallest fibers and the greatest physiological stiffness. In vitro cell culture studies were performed by seeding C2C12 cells onto a selected scaffold, enabling their attachment, alignment, and myotube formation along the PCL fibers during a 14-day culture period. The resultant anisotropic scaffold morphology promoted SMT-like cell conformation, establishing a versatile platform for developing in vitro models of tissues with anisotropic morphology.

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Hierarchical porosity in additively manufactured bioengineering scaffolds: Fabrication & characterisation

Cited by 19 publications

References 53 publications

Electrospun strong, bioactive, and bioabsorbable silk fibroin/poly (L-lactic-acid) nanoyarns for constructing advanced nanotextile tissue scaffolds

Electrospun strong, bioactive, and bioabsorbable silk fibroin/poly (L-lactic-acid) nanoyarns for constructing advanced nanotextile tissue scaffolds

A xonotlite nanofiber bioactive 3D-printed hydrogel scaffold based on osteo-/angiogenesis and osteoimmune microenvironment remodeling accelerates vascularized bone regeneration

Three-Dimensional Microfibrous Scaffold with Aligned Topography Produced via a Combination of Melt-Extrusion Additive Manufacturing and Porogen Leaching for In Vitro Skeletal Muscle Modeling

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