Hierarchical Porous Carbon Microfibers Derived from Tamarind Seed Coat for High-Energy Supercapacitor Application

Abstract

The overwhelming interest in supercapacitors has led to the search for various carbonaceous materials, leading to hierarchical porous carbons. Herein, we report a natural biomass (tamarind seed)-based hierarchical porous carbon without any template and activated by a facile scheme. The tamarind seed coat-based hierarchical porous carbon possessed a unique configuration, making the material exhibit superior supercapacitor properties. A single carbon fiber hosting a distinctive micro- and mesoporous structure formed a connecting thread between the pores. This unique structure enabled high surface area and high capacitance. The highest surface area obtained by this method was 1702 m2 g–1, whereas the capacitance was 157 F g–1 in 6 M KOH. Further, an ionic liquid-based electrolyte revealed 78 F g–1 at a current density of 0.5 A g–1. Outstanding capacity retentions of 96 and 93% were obtained over 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g–1 for aqueous (6 M KOH) and ionic liquid (1-butyl 3-methyl imidazoliumbistrifluorosulfonylimide) electrolytes, respectively. The high charge-storage ability of the porous carbon microfibers (PCMFs) can be ascribed to the coexistence of micro- and mesopores. The power characteristics and the cyclic stability of PCMF materials were appealing in both electrolytes. The synthesis process described is amenable for large-scale applications with less complexity.

A rod‐like mesoporous carbon derived from agro‐industrial cassava petiole waste for supercapacitor application

“…This shows the XRD patterns based on three different concentrations of ZnCl 2 introduced as chemical activation agents. All samples contained two broad peaks at 2θ = 24–25° and 2θ = 44–45°, which are related to the (002) and (100) planes of carbon (JCPDS nos 41–1487) 24,41,42 . This characteristic is attributed to the presence of a relatively highly amorphous structure, which is very common in carbonaceous materials.…”

“…All samples contained two broad peaks at 2⊔ = 24-25°and 2⊔ = 44-45°, which are related to the (002) and (100) planes of carbon (JCPDS nos 41-1487). 24,41,42 This characteristic is attributed to the presence of a relatively highly amorphous structure, which is very common in carbonaceous materials. The (002) plane corresponds to a hexagonal configuration, whereas the (100) diffraction is the in-plane graphitic structure of activated carbon.…”

Biomass-Derived Porous Carbon-Based Nanostructures for Microwave Absorption

“…Specifically, the carbon precursor is uniformly blended with activated agent through impregnation or grind method, followed by annealing at proper temperature under inner gas atmosphere [ 73 ]. Common chemical activators employed in reaction process includes ZnCl 2 [ 74 , 75 ], H 3 PO 4 [ 76 ], and KOH [ 77 , 78 ], etc. Among them, KOH activation is a well-developed method for introducing pores into biomass-derived carbon materials because of its mild activation temperature, higher production, and developed porosity with larger surface area (up to 3000 m 2 g −1 ) [ 79 ].…”

Rich Oxygen‐Containing Carbon Microparticles Derived from Self‐Assembled Polyimides for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

“…Moreover, the carbon materials with hierarchical porous structure exhibit more predominant electrochemical behaviors. [28][29][30] Thus, porous carbons are promising materials for supercapacitor electrodes because of high specific surface area, better electrical conductivity, and special porous networks.…”