Hierarchical Porous Polymers via a Microgel Intermediate: Green Synthesis and Applications toward the Removal of Pollutants

Abstract

Exploring a synthetic approach to prepare processable hierarchical porous polymers (PPs) is challenging. In the article, a strategic approach is presented, where polymerization (hyperbranching)-induced self-assembly in water leads to the formation of porous microgels (containing both micropores and mesopores), which is followed by spontaneous cross-linking of those intermediate microgels, leading to the formation of PPs. The synthetic process involves simple and green reactions. During this process, hydrophobicity of chosen monomers controls the morphology and porosity of the microgel, which in turn dictates the hierarchical porous morphology of the PPs. Such a synthetic hierarchy during the PP formation in water ensures increase of both surface area and active functionalities among different prototypes. Furthermore, under right conditions, the microgel-based emulsion can be used to form homogeneous porous thin films (average thickness 2−10 nm), which is important in the context of processability of such polymers. The synthesized hierarchical PPs have excellent adsorption capacities for different pollutants, such as iodine (3020 mg/g), methyl orange (1571 mg/g), congo red (1125 mg/g), and high CO 2 uptake capacity with good selectivity.

Porous polyaminoamides via an exotemplate synthesis approach for ultrahigh multimedia iodine adsorption

“…25,26 In this context, it was observed that functional amines when embedded within a polarizable network such as polyaromatic amines and polyaminoamides show excellent iodine adsorption ability. [27][28][29][30] However, most of the reported materials demonstrate iodine adsorption ability only in the vapor phase and organic solvents. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Materials which show signicant iodine adsorption ability in water, are much less reported.…”

Multifunctional Magnetic Porous Microspheres for Highly Efficient and Recyclable Water Disinfection and Dye Removal

“…The morphological changes of S. aureus and E. coli cells before and after the treatment with PHMB 4 -g-PMS were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, QUANTA 200, Philips-FEI, Holland). Prior to the SEM observation, the bacterial suspension was fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde for 2 h and then dehydrated by ethanol solutions with a range of concentrations (20,40,60,80, 90, and 100%), and at last, the samples were dried by nitrogen and coated with gold for SEM observation.…”

Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies of new materials based on xanthan gum and cobalt ferrite for dye adsorption

“…The 1 H NMR spectra of xanthan and xanthan acrylate were recorded on a Brüker Advance DRX 400 MHz spectrometer (Germany). 1 H NMR spectra were obtained in D 2 O solution. The swelling ratio of the synthetized materials was evaluated by the gravimetric method.…”

“…Generally, these are generated by the emission of toxic or greenhouse gases (CO 2 , NO x ), industrial wastewaters containing dyes, oils, heavy metals or organic compounds, and nuclear wastes. [1] All of them have adverse effects on the environment, and can produce risks to human health, [2,3] directly or indirectly influencing food chains. [4] Organic dye solutions are widely used in different domains, such as textile industries, paper production, cosmetics, pharmaceutical or plastic industries.…”